感遇·江南有丹橘
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唐代]：张九龄
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江南有丹橘，经冬犹绿林。
岂伊地气暖？自有岁寒心。
可以荐嘉客，奈何阻重深。
运命惟所遇，循环不可寻。
徒言树桃李，此木岂无阴？
感遇·江南有丹橘译文及注释
译文
江南丹桔叶茂枝繁，经冬不凋四季常青。
岂止南国地气和暖，而是具有松柏品性。
荐之嘉宾必受称赞，山重水阻如何进献？
命运遭遇往往不一，因果循环奥秘难寻。
只说桃李有果有林，难道丹桔就不成阴？
注释
伊：语助词。岁寒心：意即耐寒的特性。
荐：进奉意。
树：种植意。
感遇·江南有丹橘创作背景
唐玄宗开元二十五年（737年），张九龄由尚书丞相贬为荆州长史。晚年遭馋毁，忠而被贬，“每读韩非《孤愤》，涕泣沾襟”（徐浩《张公神道碑》），遂作《感遇十二首》。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：40-43
感遇·江南有丹橘鉴赏
诗开头两句，诗人就以饱满的热情，颂扬橘树经得起严冬考验，绘制了一幅江南橘林的美丽图景，形成了一个优美的艺术境界。橘树是果树中的上品，又能经得起严冬风霜的熬煎，终年常绿，因此诗人以丹橘自喻是有深刻含意的。这是诗人借用橘树来比喻自己“受命不迁”、“横而不流”的人格。这里，诗人不仅写了橘树的外形，而在着意表现它坚强不屈的精神，达到了形神的有机结合。同时呈献在读者面前的，并非一棵橘树，而是一片橘林。诗人是在描写包括他自己在内的“群像”。这就使得诗的意境更为深远开阔，形象更为高大生动。
三、四两句，写橘树的特点。诗人告诉读者橘树的经冬翠绿，并非因为江南气候暖和，而是因为它有着耐寒的本性。在这里，诗人采用的是问答的形式，问得自然出奇，答得分外有味，把橘树本身的特性简明地概括出来。诗人通过“岁寒心”的双关语，一方面巧妙地指出橘树的耐寒本性，同时又用以比喻诗人的高尚美德。这是借橘树的本性写诗人的心灵之美，既是诗中主人公的自我画像，也是当时千万个正直知识分子的品德的写照。从而使诗的主旨又深化了一层。
下面六句，是叙事，也是抒情。五、六两句是说：这些甜美的丹橘本可以送到远方呈献给尊贵的客人，无奈关山重叠，通道受阻。言下之意，他本可以将贤者推荐给朝廷，可惜道路被阻塞。这两句妙喻天成，不露痕迹。诗人借用眼前的景物，通过丰富的想象，表现了封建社会一个忠君爱国的知识分子，在遭贬的情况下，仍然不甘沉沦，依旧关心国家前途和命运的可贵品质。七、八两句是诗人从感慨中得出的判断：命运的好坏，只是因为遭遇的不同；而这又如同周而复始的自然规律一样，其中的道理实在难以捉摸。这是诗人根据自身经历所发出的感叹。最后两句是紧承“运命”两句而来。诗人大声疾呼：不要只说种桃李，橘树难道不能供人乘凉吗？很清楚，诗人在为橘树鸣不平，也是在为贤者鸣不平。也就是说，贤者能人，不会不如李林甫之流。这两句是对朝廷听信谗言、邪正不辨、严厉斥责，也是全诗的主旨所在。由于诗人有深刻的洞察力和高度的艺术概括力，因此这两句议论写得十分亲切自然，深刻有力，大大增加了诗的内涵。这里运用暗喻来抨击时弊，能发人深思，给人以很大的启迪。
从结构上看，这首诗短短五十字，构思精巧，结构严密，抒情写意，回环起伏。开头以橘起，最后以橘结，前呼后应，且深化主题。尤其是最后出人意料的设问，震人心弦，增添了诗的艺术魅力. 张九龄诗歌语言生动、比喻贴切，毫无矫揉造作、雕琢晦涩之病。刘熙载在《艺概》中，称张九龄的诗歌“独能超出一格，为李、杜开先”。这一评价是非常恰当的。刘禹锡说九龄“自内职牧始安（今桂林），有瘴疠之叹；自退相守荆户，有拘囚之思。托讽禽鸟，寄词草树，郁然与骚人同风。”就是指这类《感遇诗》。
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杜甫《
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古柏行》
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李商隐《
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蝉》
张九龄简介
唐代·张九龄的简介
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张九龄(678-740) : 唐开元尚书丞相，诗人。字子寿，一名博物，汉族，韶州曲江（今广东韶关市）人。长安年间进士。官至中书侍郎同中书门下平章事。后罢相，为荆州长史。诗风清淡。有《曲江集》。他是一位有胆识、有远见的著名政治家、文学家、诗人、名相。他忠耿尽职，秉公守则，直言敢谏，选贤任能，不徇私枉法，不趋炎附势，敢与恶势力作斗争，为“开元之治”作出了积极贡献。他的五言古诗，以素练质朴的语言，寄托深远的人生慨望，对扫除唐初所沿习的六朝绮靡诗风，贡献尤大。誉为“岭南第一人”。
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