咏怀古迹五首·其四
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唐代]：杜甫
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蜀主窥吴幸三峡，崩年亦在永安宫。
古庙杉松巢水鹤，岁时伏腊走村翁。
武侯祠堂常邻近，一体君臣祭祀同。
咏怀古迹五首·其四译文及注释
译文
刘备出兵伐吴就驻扎在三峡，无奈战败归来去世在永安宫。
昔日翠旗飘扬空山浩浩荡荡，永安宫湮灭在这荒郊野庙中。
古庙里杉松树上水鹤做了巢，每逢节令仍举行隆重的祭祀。
丞相的祠庙就在先王庙临近，君臣共同享受着礼仪和祭礼。
注释
蜀主：指刘备。
永安宫：在今四川省奉节县。
野寺：原注今为卧龙寺，庙在宫东。
伏腊：伏天腊月。指每逢节气村民皆前往祭祀。
咏怀古迹五首·其四创作背景
这组诗是咏古迹怀古人进而感怀自己的作品。作者于唐代宗大历元年（766年）从夔州出三峡，到江陵，先后游历了宋玉宅、庾信古居、昭君村、永安宫、先主庙、武侯祠等古迹，对于古代的才士、国色、英雄、名相，深表崇敬，写下了《咏怀古迹五首》，以抒情怀。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非．杜甫诗选注．北京：人民文学出版社，1998：252-256
2、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：575-580
咏怀古迹五首·其四鉴赏
第四首咏怀的是刘备在白帝城的行宫永安宫。诗人称颂了三国时刘备和诸葛亮君臣一体的亲密关系，抒发了自己不受重用抱负难展的悲怨之情。
作者借村翁野老对刘备诸葛亮君臣的祭祀，烘托其遗迹之流泽。诗歌先叙刘备进袭东吴失败而卒于永安宫，继叹刘备的复汉大业一蹶不振，当年的翠旗行帐只能在空山想象中觅得踪迹，玉殿虚无缥缈，松杉栖息水鹤。歌颂了刘备的生前事业，叹惋大业未成身先去，空留祠宇在人间的荒凉景象。最后赞刘备诸葛亮君臣一体，千百年受人祭祀，表达了无限敬意，发抒了无限感慨。
此诗通过先主庙和武侯祠邻近的描写，进而赞颂刘备、诸葛亮君臣际遇、同心一体，含有作者自己论事被斥，政治理想不能实现，抱负不能施展的感慨。在艺术描写上和前几首又有所不同。全诗平淡自然，写景状物形象明朗，以咏古迹为主而隐含咏怀。
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柳宗元《
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渔翁》
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杜甫《
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咏怀古迹五首·其二》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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背立梧桐岭，面对匡庐峰。
江流过其下，渺渺去朝宗。
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