登高
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唐代]：杜甫
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登高译文及注释
译文
风急天高猿猴啼叫显得十分悲哀，水清沙白的河洲上有鸟儿在盘旋。
无边无际的树木萧萧地飘下落叶，望不到头的长江水滚滚奔腾而来。
悲对秋景感慨万里漂泊常年为客，一生当中疾病缠身今日独上高台。
历尽了艰难苦恨白发长满了双鬓，衰颓满心偏又暂停了浇愁的酒杯。
注释
诗题一作《九日登高》。古代农历九月九日有登高习俗。选自《杜诗详注》。作于唐代宗大历二年（767）秋天的重阳节。
啸哀：指猿的叫声凄厉。
渚(zhǔ)：水中的小洲；水中的小块陆地。鸟飞回：鸟在急风中飞舞盘旋。回：回旋。
落木：指秋天飘落的树叶。萧萧：模拟草木飘落的声音。
万里：指远离故乡。常作客：长期漂泊他乡。
百年：犹言一生，这里借指晚年。
艰难：兼指国运和自身命运。苦恨：极恨，极其遗憾。苦，极。繁霜鬓：增多了白发，如鬓边着霜雪。 繁，这里作动词，增多。
潦倒：衰颓，失意。这里指衰老多病，志不得伸。新停：刚刚停止。杜甫晚年因病戒酒，所以说“新停”。
参考资料：
1、海兵．杜甫诗全集祥注：新疆人民出版社，2000年：339-340
2、徐中玉 金启华．中国古代文学作品选．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1999：548-550
3、萧涤非．杜甫诗选注．北京：人民文学出版社，1998：288-289
登高创作背景
此诗作于唐代宗大历二年（767年）秋天，杜甫时在夔州。这是五十六岁的老诗人在极端困窘的情况下写成的。一天他独自登上夔州白帝城外的高台，登高临眺，萧瑟的秋江景色，引发了他身世飘零的感慨，渗入了他老病孤愁的悲哀。于是，就有了这首被誉为“七律之冠”的《登高》。
参考资料：
1、海兵．杜甫诗全集祥注：新疆人民出版社，2000年：339-340
登高鉴赏
此诗载于《杜工部集》，全诗通过登高所见秋江景色，倾诉了诗人长年漂泊、老病孤愁的复杂感情，慷慨激越、动人心弦。
此诗前四句写登高见闻。首联对起。诗人围绕夔州的特定环境，用“风急”二字带动全联，一开头就写成了千古流传的佳句。夔州向以猿多著称，峡口更以风大闻名。秋日天高气爽，这里却猎猎多风。诗人登上高处，峡中不断传来“高猿长啸”之声，大有“空谷传响，哀转久绝”（《水经注·江水》）的意味。诗人移动视线，由高处转向江水洲渚，在水清沙白的背景上，点缀着迎风飞翔、不住回旋的鸟群，真是一幅精美的画图。其中天、风，沙、渚，猿啸、鸟飞，天造地设，自然成对。不仅上下两句对，而且还有句中自对，如上句“天”对“风”，“高”对“急”；下句“沙”对“渚”，“白”对“清”，读来富有节奏感。经过诗人的艺术提炼，十四个字，字字精当，无一虚设，用字遣辞，“尽谢斧凿”，达到了奇妙难名的境界。更值得注意的是：对起的首句，末字常用仄声，此诗却用平声入韵。沈德潜因有“起二句对举之中仍复用韵，格奇而变”（《唐诗别裁》）的赞语。
颔联集中表现了夔州秋天的典型特征。诗人仰望茫无边际、萧萧而下的木叶，俯视奔流不息、滚滚而来的江水，在写景的同时，便深沉地抒发了自己的情怀。“无边”“不尽”，使“萧萧”“滚滚”更加形象化，不仅使人联想到落木窸窣之声，长江汹涌之状，也无形中传达出韶光易逝，壮志难酬的感怆。透过沉郁悲凉的对句，显示出神入化之笔力，确有“建瓴走坂”、“百川东注”的磅礴气势。前人把它誉为“古今独步”的“句中化境”，是有道理的。
前两联极力描写秋景，直到颈联，才点出一个“秋”字。“独登台”，则表明诗人是在高处远眺，这就把眼前景和心中情紧密地联系在一起了。“常作客”，指出了诗人飘泊无定的生涯。“百年”，本喻有限的人生，此处专指暮年。“悲秋”两字写得沉痛。秋天不一定可悲，只是诗人目睹苍凉恢廓的秋景，不由想到自己沦落他乡、年老多病的处境，故生出无限悲愁之绪。诗人把久客最易悲愁，多病独爱登台的感情，概括进一联“雄阔高浑，实大声弘”的对句之中，使人深深地感到了他那沉重地跳动着的感情脉搏。此联的“万里”“百年”和上一联的“无边”“不尽”，还有相互呼应的作用：诗人的羁旅愁与孤独感，就象落叶和江水一样，推排不尽，驱赶不绝，情与景交融相洽。诗到此已给作客思乡的一般含意，添上久客孤独的内容，增入悲秋苦病的情思，加进离乡万里、人在暮年的感叹，诗意就更见深沉了。
尾联对结，并分承五六两句。诗人备尝艰难潦倒之苦，国难家愁，使自己白发日多，再加上因病断酒，悲愁就更难排遣。本来兴会盎然地登高望远，此时却平白无故地惹恨添悲，诗人的矛盾心情是容易理解的。前六句“飞扬震动”，到此处“软冷收之，而无限悲凉之意，溢于言外”（《诗薮》）。
诗前半写景，后半抒情，在写法上各有错综之妙。首联着重刻画眼前具体景物，好比画家的工笔，形、声、色、态，一一得到表现。次联着重渲染整个秋天气氛，好比画家的写意，只宜传神会意，让读者用想象补充。三联表现感情，从纵（时间）、横（空间）两方面着笔，由异乡飘泊写到多病残生。四联又从白发日多，护病断饮，归结到时世艰难是潦倒不堪的根源。这样，杜甫忧国伤时的情操，便跃然张上。
此诗八句皆对。粗略一看，首尾好像“未尝有对”，胸腹好象“无意于对”。仔细玩味，“一篇之中，句句皆律，一句之中，字字皆律”。不只“全篇可法”，而且“用句用字”，“皆古今人必不敢道，决不能道者”。它能博得“旷代之作”（均见胡应麟《诗薮》）的盛誉，就是理所当然的了。
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韩翃《
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同题仙游观》
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刘长卿《
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秋日登吴公台上寺远眺》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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上元云路玉尘飞，应是虬骖罢会归。望合郊原人世变，映浮城郭夜灯微。
连天忘却黄冈县，际水平将赤壁矶。滚滚长江耐澄挠，浪回鸥鸟一惊翚。
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乾封驿早行
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宋代：
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陆游
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己巳被驿书，乙亥戒徂两，扶衰犯霜露，疲惫不可状。
夜行星满天，晨起鸡初唱，槁枝烧代烛，冻菜撷供饷。
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闻角
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元代：
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黄庚
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谯角咿呜到枕边，边情似向曲中传。梅花三弄月将晚，榆塞一声霜满天。
织锦佳人应有恨，枕戈老将想无眠。争如二月春风市，卖酒楼头听管弦。
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题梅寄友人
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明代：
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杨士奇
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冰霜同是岁寒心，回首江南间阔深。尚有风流何逊在，水边篱落待重寻。