春怨
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唐代]：金昌绪
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春怨译文及注释
译文
我敲打树枝，赶走树上的黄莺，不让它在树上乱叫。
它清脆的叫声，惊醒了我的梦，害得我在梦中不能赶到辽西，与戍守边关的亲人相见。
注释
辽西：古郡名，在今辽宁省辽河以西地方。
妾：女子的自称。
莫：不。
春怨鉴赏
这首诗，语言生动活泼，具有民歌色彩，而且在章法上还有其与众不同的特点：它通篇词意联属，句句相承，环环相扣，四句诗形成了一个不可分割的整体，达到了王夫之在《夕堂永日绪论》中为五言绝句提出的“就一意圆净成章”的要求。这一特点，人所共称。谢榛在《四溟诗话》中曾把诗的写法分为两种：一种是“一句一意”，“摘一句亦成诗”，如杜甫诗“日出篱东水，云生舍北泥。竹高鸣翡翠，沙僻舞鹍鸡”（《绝句六首》之一），属于此类；另一种是“一篇一意”，“摘一句不成诗”，这首《春怨》诗就是一个典型的例子。王世贞在《艺苑卮言》中更赞美这首诗的“篇法圆紧，中间增一字不得，着一意不得”。沈德潜在《唐诗别裁》中也说：“一气蝉联而下者，以此为法。”
但这些评论只道出了这首诗的一个方面的特点，还应当看到的另一特点是：它虽然通篇只说一事，四句只有一意，却不是一语道破，一目了然，而是层次重叠，极尽曲析之妙，好似抽蕉剥笋，剥去一层，还有一层。它总共只有四句诗，却是每一句都令人产生一个疑问，下一句解答了这个疑问，而又令人产生一个新的疑问。这在诗词艺术手法上是所谓“扫处还生”。
诗的首句似平地奇峰，突然而起。照说,黄莺是讨人欢喜的鸟。而诗中的女主角为什么却要“打起黄莺儿”呢？人们看了这句诗会茫然不知诗意所在，不能不产生疑问，不能不急于从下句寻求答案。第二句诗果然对第一句作了解释，使人们知道，原来“打起黄莺儿”的目的是“莫教枝上啼”。但鸟语与花香本都是春天的美好事物，而在鸟语中，黄莺的啼声又是特别清脆动听的。人们不禁还要追问：又为什么不让莺啼呢？第三句诗说明了“莫教啼”的原因是怕“啼时惊妾梦”。但人们仍不会满足于这一解释，因为黄莺啼晓，说明本该是梦醒的时候了。那么，诗中的女主角为什么这样怕惊醒她的梦呢？她做的是什么梦呢？最后一句诗的答复是：这位诗中人怕惊破的不是一般的梦，而是去辽西的梦，是惟恐梦中“不得到辽西”。
到此，读者才知道，这首诗原来采用的是层层倒叙的手法。本是为怕惊梦而不教莺啼，为不教莺啼而要把莺打起，而诗人却倒过来写，最后才揭开了谜底，说出了答案。但是，这最后的答案仍然含意未伸。这里，还留下了一连串问号，例如：一位闺中少女为什么做到辽西的梦？她有什么亲人在辽西？此人为什么离乡背井，远去辽西？这首诗的题目是《春怨》，诗中人到底怨的是什么？难道怨的只是黄莺，只怨莺啼惊破了她的晓梦吗？这些，不必一一说破，而又可以不言而喻，不妨留待读者去想象、去思索。这样，这首小诗就不仅在篇内见曲折，而且还在篇外见深度了。
如果从思想意义去看，它看来只是一首抒写儿女之情的小诗，却有深刻的时代内容。它是一首怀念征人的诗，反映了当时兵役制下广大人民所承受的痛苦。
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沈佺期《
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古意呈补阙乔知之》
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李白《
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留别广陵诸公》
金昌绪简介
唐代·金昌绪的简介
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生卒年不详。唐朝余杭（钱塘）（今浙江杭州市）人，身世不可考，诗传于世仅《春怨》一首。
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