凤栖梧·帘内清歌帘外宴
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宋代]：柳永
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帘内清歌帘外宴。虽爱新声，不见如花面。牙板数敲珠一串，梁尘暗落琉璃盏。
桐树花深孤凤怨。渐遏遥天，不放行云散。坐上少年听不惯，玉山未倒肠先断。
凤栖梧·帘内清歌帘外宴译文及注释
译文
帘内清亮的歌声助兴着帘外的酒宴。虽然能听见那可爱新颖而美妙的歌声，却看不见歌女那如花的面容。牙板拍节声如同珍珠落玉盘，振动的梁尘不知不觉落入晶莹碧透的酒杯。
那歌声，时而如凤凰对唱时的美妙欢快声，时而又如孤凤如泣如诉的哀怨声，响遏行云。座席上的青年男子已被这歌声深深打动，已然销魂。
注释
凤栖梧：又名“蝶恋花”、“鹊桥枝”等，唐教坊曲，后用作词牌名。《乐章集》《张子野词》并入“小石调”，《清真集》入“商调”。双调六十字，上下片各四仄韵。
清歌：清亮的歌声。葛洪《抱朴子·知止》：“清体柔声，清歌妙舞。”
新声：指新制定的歌曲。
牙板：歌女演唱时用以拍节之板。
珠一串：像一串珠子落在玉盘上，形容歌声清脆。白居易《长恨歌》：“嘈嘈切切错杂弹，大珠小珠落玉盘。”
梁尘：梁上的尘土。刘向《别录》：“鲁人虞公发声清，晨歌动梁尘。”
桐树：梧桐，相传凤非梧不栖。《诗经·大雅·卷阿》：“凤凰鸣矣，于彼高冈。梧桐生矣，于彼朝阳。”
“渐遏遥天”二句：即响遏行云，声音高入云霄，把浮动着的云彩也止住了，形容歌声嘹亮。《列子·汤问》：“薛谭学讴于秦青，未穷青之技，自谓尽之，遂辞归。秦青弗止，饯于郊衢，抚节悲歌，声振林木，响遏行云。薛谭乃谢求反，终身不敢言归。”
坐上少年：柳永自谓。
玉山未倒：指人还没有喝醉。玉山，形容男子仪容之美。刘义庆《世说新语·容止》：“嵇叔夜（嵇康）之为人也，岩岩若孤松之独立；其醉也，傀俄若玉山之将崩。”
肠先断：形容歌声感人至极。刘义庆《世说新语·黜免》：“桓公入蜀，至三峡中，部伍中有得猿子者，其母缘岸哀号，行百馀里不去，遂跳上船，至便即绝。破其腹中，肠皆寸寸断。”
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生．古典诗词名家·柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：1-3
2、叶嘉莹 等．柳永词新释辑评．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：165-167
凤栖梧·帘内清歌帘外宴创作背景
此词具体创作年份暂不可考。因为柳永词多是写实，而此词中有“坐上少年听不惯”句，“少年”即是柳永自谓，所以此词应该是作于柳永青年时代。此词中又有“帘内清歌帘外宴”句，所以柳永听的应该是私人家的歌妓唱的歌，当时柳永被歌声深深吸引，作下此词。
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生．古典诗词名家·柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：1-3
凤栖梧·帘内清歌帘外宴鉴赏
古代散文中留下了许多描写歌声的名言佳句，成为后世文人写作时爱用的典故。柳永这首《凤栖梧》正是在这些典故的基础上写成的，词中描写了一位歌女的歌声。
词起首三句虚写歌妓的美貌，先写客人与歌妓之间隔了一层帘子，不仅交代了这次听歌会并非在一般的歌馆之中，而是某位达官贵人家中，而且为后文“不见如花面”作了铺垫。然后谈到具体的歌妓的美貌时，却只说了一句“不见如花面”，到底是怎样的“如花”则只字未提，给读者提供了丰富的想象空间。
接下来写歌声之美，词人使用了大量的典故。“牙板数敲珠一串”一句，化用《礼记·乐记》描写歌声的：“……累累乎端如贯珠。”“珠一串”形象化了歌女圆润流转、有板有眼，再妙手拈来“牙板数敲”的打击乐器伴奏，较原典增加了节拍感和音响效果。“梁尘暗落琉璃盏”一句，化用刘向《别录》“鲁人虞公发声清，晨歌动梁尘”，词人以“梁尘暗落”渲染歌声的清脆和穿透力，再别出心裁增加了一只晶莹剔透的“玻璃盏”，以这器皿来承接落下来的梁尘，化虚为实，使虚拟的带有夸张意味的意象更具实感。“桐树花深孤凤怨。”一句，虽没有直接运用前人写音乐的诗文，但“梧桐”、“凤凰”是古代诗文中习见的意象，而且古代又有凤凰非梧桐不栖的传说，柳永借助这些绘制了一个画面，极易引发读者对歌声的诸多联想。词人再以“深”、“孤”、“怨”三字对画面加以点染，则歌声的清越、凄怨、孤寂、哀婉，就令人有了具体的感知；同时，这一句又为词尾所抒之情作了坚实的铺垫。“渐遏遥天，不放行云散”一句，化用《列子·汤问》秦青歌声“响遏行云”的典故，但词人加一渐字，就写出了歌声由细到壮、由弱到强不断增大的力度。词人再加“不放”二字，给这歌声赋予了鲜活的主动性和生命力。最后词人被那凄婉的歌声感动得“肠先断”，以致于不忍卒听了。
柳永描写歌声处处用典，又处处富有极强的画面感，如诗如画，清新生动，使人在如闻其声的同时，不仅获得了听觉上的美感享受，还获得了视觉上的美感享受。而且，柳永用典而不拘泥于典，臻于“用事不使人觉”（《颜氏家训》）的境地。由此可见，擅长一俚语入词的柳永，以典入词的功力也是非常娴熟的。
这是《乐章集》中一首绘声绘色、声情并茂的描写音乐的好词章，它在古代众多描写音乐的诗词中亦属上乘。
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张仲素《
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柳中庸《
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征人怨》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永，（约987年—约1053年）北宋著名词人，婉约派代表人物。汉族，崇安（今福建武夷山）人，原名三变，字景庄，后改名永，字耆卿，排行第七，又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士，官至屯田员外郎，故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，以毕生精力作词，并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活，尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情，创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画，情景交融，语言通俗，音律谐婉，在当时流传极其广泛，人称“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一，对宋词的发展有重大影响，代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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莪默绝句集译笺乙集 其四十二
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近现代：
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伯昏子
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太上屈尊抟众杯，岂能尽破恣狂诡。芸芸手足美头颅，何爱造之何怒毁。
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伍牧
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元代：
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张翥
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苦战勤王事，精魂泣鬼雄。坏城兵气黑，遗镞血花红。
故老谈亡国，明时录死忠。长吟一搔首，落日鸟呼风。