菩萨蛮·雾窗寒对遥天暮
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清代]：纳兰性德
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雾窗寒对遥天暮，暮天遥对寒窗雾。花落正啼鸦，鸦啼正落花。
袖罗垂影瘦，瘦影垂罗袖。风翦一丝红，红丝一翦风。
菩萨蛮·雾窗寒对遥天暮译文及注释
译文
满天是雾花的寒窗对着天空渐暝的暮色，傍晚的天空遥遥对着寒窗的雾花。花儿凋零，啼鸦声声。乌鸦开始啼叫，正值落花时节。
垂着罗袖的影子显得清瘦不已。清瘦的身影正垂着罗袖。和风剪出一丝丝红线，红线似春风剪得整整齐齐。
注释
菩萨蛮：词牌，也用作曲牌。又名《子夜歌》、《重叠金》等。双调，四十四字，属小令，以五七言组成。下片后二句与上片后二句字数格式相同。上下片各四句，均为两仄韵，两平韵。
一丝红：典出五代蜀王仁裕《开元天宝遗事·牵红丝娶妇》：“郭元振少时，美风姿，有才艺……张曰：‘……吾欲令五女各持一丝，慢前使子取便牵之，得者为婚。’元振欣然从命。遂牵一红丝线，得第三女，大有姿色。”后常用“红丝”比喻姻缘巧合。
暮天：傍晚的天空。
风剪：即风吹。剪，有快速之意。
参考资料：
1、纳兰性德，徐燕婷，朱惠国著．纳兰词评注：生活·读书·新知三联书店，2014.01：第69页
菩萨蛮·雾窗寒对遥天暮创作背景
这首词具体的创作年代不详。诗词在清朝是是一种社交手段，文人士大夫社交活动聊天的主要内容。在诗词游戏中大家也很容易融入交际圈，也不身份，都可以参与。作者在社交活动中写下这首词。
参考资料：
1、小桥流水著．家家争唱饮水词，纳兰心事几人知 纳兰词经典鉴赏：中国画报出版社，2013.05：第178页
2、苏缨著．纳兰词典评：湖南文艺出版社，2015.09：第147页
菩萨蛮·雾窗寒对遥天暮鉴赏
这首词每两句都是反复回文。“雾窗寒对遥天暮”，从最后一个字“暮”倒着往前读，就是下一句“暮天遥对寒窗雾”；“花落正啼鸦”，倒过来也就是下一句“鸦啼正落花”，这就是回文诗的一种。一般的选本里很少会选这首词，原囚很简单：这是纯粹的文字游戏，并没有什么艺术价值和深刻内涵在里边。这道理是完全正确的，回文诗大多都仅仅是文字游戏而已，就像厨师雕刻出来的一朵精美绝伦的萝卜花，无论多漂亮，也只是正餐旁边的一个装饰。但是厨师愿意去雕刻萝卜花的原因有两个：一个原因是要让整桌菜卖出更贵的价钱之外，另一个原因就是：炫技。这是人的天性，如果掌握了高于常人的技术，总忍不住会拿出来卖弄卖弄，没机会卖弄的话，在受到环境的刺激后，就会“技痒”。
从词的作法看，上片布景，下片说情，或者叙事、造理，这是宋词基本结构模式。回文体的歌词，大体上亦依此模式填写。上片的相关物景，包括雾窗、暮天，花落、鸦啼，经过回环往复，变而成为窗雾、天暮，落花、啼鸦，其实际项目并不曾添加。下片通过人物形态的转换，叙说故事。其之由袖罗、瘦影，风翦、红丝，变而为罗袖、影瘦，翦风、丝红，同样也不曾添加。无非是一位女子，于花落、鸦啼的背景下，通过风翦、红丝及翦风、丝红的变换，以展现其婀娜多姿的身段而已。这就是回文的奥秘。
这首词描摹的是眼前风物，虽然意义不大，但是依旧不失隽永别致。从中更可看到词人娴熟的文字技巧。
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韩偓《
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残春旅舍》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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