游龙门奉先寺
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唐代]:杜甫
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已从招提游,更宿招提境。
阴壑生虚籁,月林散清影。(虚籁一作:灵籁)
天阙象纬逼,云卧衣裳冷。
欲觉闻晨钟,令人发深省。
游龙门奉先寺译文及注释
译文
已经有幸在寺僧的引导下游览了奉先寺,晚上又住在了这寺中。
只听得阴暗的山谷里响起了阵阵风声, 透过树枝看到那月光闪烁着清朗的光影。
那高耸的龙门山好象靠近了天上的星辰, 夜宿奉先寺,如卧云中,只觉得寒气透衣。
将要醒来之时,听到佛寺晨钟敲响, 那钟声扣人心弦,令人生发深刻地警悟。
注释
龙门奉先寺:龙门即伊阙,俗称龙门山,在河南省洛阳市南,自六朝以来,这里就是佛教胜地,寺院众多,佛事兴盛。奉先寺是龙门石窟中一座石窟,寺中有卢舍那大佛像及石刻群,雄伟壮观,为龙门石窟之首。
招提:梵语,译义为四方,后省作拓提,误为招提。四方之僧为招提僧,四方之僧的住处为招提房。此诗乃以招提名寺僧。
阴壑(hè):幽暗的山谷
虚籁(lài):指风声。
清影:清朗的光影,指月光。
天阙(què):一作”天窥“,本为星名,此指龙门。
象纬:指的是星象经纬,即日月五星,这里当指夜空中的星辰。
云卧:龙门山高入云,夜宿奉先寺,如卧云中。
觉:睡觉。
深省:醒悟,慨叹。
参考资料:
1、谭习朴.《历代诗人咏洛阳》:中国城市经济社会出版社,1989年12月第1版:第40页
2、韩成武 张志民.《杜甫诗全译》:河北人民出版社,1997年10月第1版:第1页
3、张川 申任天等.《咏洛古诗选》:河南人民出版社,1986年10月第1版:第77页
4、廖仲安著.《反刍集》续编:首都师范大学出版社,2009.08:217-219
游龙门奉先寺创作背景
这首诗是杜甫开元二十四年(736)在洛阳时所作。时年诗人25岁,游览洛阳,夜宿于龙门奉先寺,有感而发,从而写下这首诗。
参考资料:
1、韩成武 张志民.《杜甫诗全译》:河北人民出版社,1997年10月第1版:第1页
游龙门奉先寺鉴赏
四方之僧为招提僧,四方之僧的住处为招提房。诗人在僧人的陪伴下游赏,晚上就在寺中借宿。诗的题目虽说是游寺,实际上把游赏的过程一笔带过,重点描写夜宿时的所见、所闻、所感。接下来六句都承接一个“宿”字写景抒怀。
“阴壑生虚籁,月林散清影。”这四句写夜宿的景色。幽暗的山谷中生出阵阵冷风,月光下的林木被风吹得疏影摇动。诗人用一个“散”字描绘林木的动态,可以说是穷形尽相,妙不可言。诗人抬头看,数量繁多的星辰高挂在晴朗明澈的夜空中,仿佛迎面而来。一个“逼”字,也是极富表现力的字眼,生动地展现了星辰直欲向人逼近的那种压迫感。诗人夜卧,身上衣服单薄,蚀骨侵肌的清冷,令人不胜其寒,由此塑造了一个虚白高寒的环境。人在这样的环境里,尘俗之念必然为之一洗,悉数忘却世间的纷扰与喧嚣,心灵从而得到净化。
“欲觉闻晨钟,令人发深省”两句,含蓄而富有深意。诗人在快要睡醒时突然听到清晨的钟声,内心为之一惊,产生深刻的警悟,意有所得,直如禅家顿悟。
这首诗是杜甫的早期作品,描绘了夜宿奉先寺的所见所闻,表现了诗人青年时期的敏锐感受能力和对佛教的初步认识。
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李白《
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对酒》
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苏轼《
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初到黄州》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫(712-770),字子美,自号少陵野老,世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等,汉族,河南府巩县(今河南省巩义市)人,唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”,其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”,为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来,杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民,人格高尚,他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来,诗艺精湛,在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇,影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都,后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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