和胡西曹示顾贼曹
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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蕤宾五月中，清朝起南颸。
不驶亦不驰，飘飘吹我衣。
重云蔽白日，闲雨纷微微。
流目视西园，烨烨荣紫葵。
于今甚可爱，奈何当复衰！
感物愿及时，每恨靡所挥。
悠悠待秋稼，寥落将赊迟。
逸想不可淹，猖狂独长悲！
和胡西曹示顾贼曹译文及注释
译文
时当仲夏五月中，清早微觉南风凉。
南风不缓也不疾，飘飘吹动我衣裳。
层层乌云遮白日，濛濛细雨纷纷扬。
随意赏观西园内，紫葵花盛耀荣光。
此时此物甚可爱，无奈不久侵枯黄！
感物行乐当及时，常恨无酒可举筋。
耐心等待秋收获，庄稼稀疏将空忙。
遐思冥想难抑制，我心激荡独悲伤。
注释
胡西曹、顾贼曹：胡、顾二人名字及事迹均不详。西曹、贼曹，是州从事官名。《宋书·百官志》：“江州又有别驾祭酒，居僚职之上。别驾、西曹主吏及选举事。西曹，即汉之功曹书佐也。祭酒分掌诸曹兵、贼、仓、户、水、销之属。”示：给某人看。
蕤（ruí）宾：诗中用以标志仲夏五月。古代以十二律配合十二个月，“蕤宾”是配合五月之律。《礼记·月令》：“仲夏之月……律中蕤宾。”古代以乐律的十二管同十二月之数相配合，十二管之一的蕤宾与五月相合，故称五月为蕤宾。
清朝（zhāo）：清晨。飔（sī）：凉风。
驶：迅捷，疾速。迟：迟缓，缓慢。
重云：层层乌云。
闲雨：指小雨。
流目：犹“游目”，随意观览瞻望。西园：陶渊明不大可能有几个园，此或谓园之西。
烨（yè）烨：光华灿烂的样子。荣：开花。
奈何：无可奈何。
感物：有感于物。
靡（mǐ）所挥：没有酒饮。挥，形容举杯而饮的动作。一说“挥”是“发挥壮志”之意。
悠悠：长久。待秋稼：等待秋收。
寥（liáo）落：稀疏。赊（shē）迟：迟缓，渺茫，引申为稀少。无所获。
逸想：遐想。淹：滞留，深入。
猖狂：恣意放纵，这里指感情激烈。
参考资料：
1、郭维森 包景诚．陶渊明集全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1992：104-106
和胡西曹示顾贼曹创作背景
这一首诗作年无考，研究陶诗的人，有把它系于晋安帝元兴二年癸卯（403年）的。
参考资料：
1、吴小如 等．汉魏六朝诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1992：500-501
和胡西曹示顾贼曹鉴赏
此诗起四句直写当前气候，说在阴历五月的一天早晨，吹起南风，不快不慢，飘动着诗人的衣服。风是夏天“清朝”中的“南颸”，飘衣送凉，气象是清爽的。接着两句，不交代转变过程，便紧接着写“重云蔽白日，闲雨纷微微。”由晴到雨，似颇突然。以上六句是面的总写，一般叙述，不多描绘。
“流目”四句，由面移到一个点。先写诗人在清风微雨中，转眼观看西园，见园中紫葵生长得“晔晔”繁荣，虽作集中，亦只叙述。上文的叙事写景，直贯到此；而对着紫葵，忽产生一种感慨：“于今甚可爱，奈何当复衰！”感慨也来得突然，但内容还属一般，属于人们对事物常有的盛衰之感。这里转为抒情。下面两句：“感物愿及时，每恨靡所挥。”承前两句，抒情又由点到面，同时由对客观事物的反映转到对自身的表白，扩大一步，提高一步，句法同样有点突然，而内容却不一般了。陶渊明本是有志于济世的人，被迫过隐居生活，从紫葵的荣晔易衰而联想自己不能及时发挥壮志，建立功业，这种触动内心痛处的感受，本来也是自然的，不妨明白直说，可诗中偏不说出“愿及时”愿的是什么，“靡所挥”挥的是什么，而是留给读者自行领会。
上文各以六句成片，结尾以四句成片。这四句由思想上的“恨”转到写生活上的困难，以及在困难中不可抑制的更强烈的思想活动。“悠悠待秋稼，寥落将赊迟。”等到秋天庄稼收成，有粮食不继的迫切问题。处境如此，还有上文的为外物而感慨，为壮志而感伤的闲情，在常人眼中，已未免迂疏可笑；而况下文所写，还有“不可淹（抑遏）”的“逸想”和什么“猖狂”的情感或行动，冷静一想，也未免自觉“可悲”了。有了“悠悠”两句，则上下文的思想感情，都变成出于常情之外，那末作者之非常人也就不言可喻了。把“不常”写得似乎可笑可悲，实际上是无意中反映了他的可钦可敬。
这首诗在陶诗中是写得较平凡的，朴质无华，它的转接突然的地方，也表现它的“放”和“直”，即放手抒写，直截不费结撰。但也有它的含蓄，有它的似拙而实高，它的奇特过人，即不露痕迹地表现作者襟怀的开阔和高远。
联系当时的时代背景和作者的处境，“猖狂”的来龙去脉，也就有迹可寻，即是对于黑暗、险恶的政局和自身抱负莫展的愤激。把这些诗句都作赋体看，诗中表现出诗人的政治热肠和人生态度，表现出他高出常人的地方，即在艰难的生活中不忘济世。诗写得很随便，却有深远的意境。
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陶渊明《
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和胡西曹示顾贼曹》
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苏轼《
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好事近·湖上》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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董纪
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一曲清泠水，深如濯锦江。啭枝花底鸟，吠窦月中厖。
鱼罧通西泖，茶烟起北窗。许多幽隐趣，不让鹿门庞。