冬夜书怀
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唐代]：王维
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冬宵寒且永，夜漏宫中发。
草白霭繁霜，木衰澄清月。
丽服映颓颜，朱灯照华发。
汉家方尚少，顾影惭朝谒。
冬夜书怀译文及注释
译文
冬天夜晚冷又长，宫中传出更鼓响。
白草茫茫蒙浓霜，木叶萧疏冷月朗。
华服映我衰颓容，红灯照我白发苍。
正当朝廷尚年少，上朝不禁顾影伤。
注释
永：长。夜漏：漏，漏壶，古计时器。壶有浮箭，上刻符号表时间，昼夜凡百刻，在昼谓之昼漏，入夜谓之夜漏。意为夜间的时刻。此处夜漏是指报更的鼓声，即漏鼓。
霭：霜雾迷茫的样子。澄，澄清明朗的样子。
尚少：用汉代颜驷不遇的典故。谓老于郎署，喻为官久不升迁。
冬夜书怀创作背景
此诗大约作于天宝元年（742年）前后。李林甫当政时，王维作为张九龄起用之人，因而在政治上受到压抑，眼见年华流逝，老之将至，却依然位居人下，而那些投靠李林甫的年轻无行文人却青云直上，心中不胜感慨，而作此诗。
参考资料：
1、邓安生 等．王维诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1990：77-78
冬夜书怀鉴赏
本诗借景抒情，以冬夜的肃杀衬托自己途失意的萧索。又以丽服、朱灯与颓颜、华发的对比，表现诗人无奈的迟暮心情。
不是真写自己老迈无用，顾影自惭，而是写自己不受重用，与执政者的心意相左。王维早在天宝十一年即为吏部郎中，而至天宝末，转为给事中，官阶并未升迁。据《旧唐书·李垣传》：“杨国忠秉政，郎官不附己者悉出于外。”当时，被排挤出朝廷的有“尚书十数公”，而同时启用了一批归附于杨国忠的年轻人。王维虽未外调，但给事中是谏官，在杨国忠一手遮天的极权统治下，可谓无言可进，无言可采。诗人的孤独与苦闷之情，只能在诗中作委婉的流露。
天宝年问，李林甫和杨国忠先后当政，王维对这两个反动腐朽的政治集团都有所认识，不愿同流合污，但既然在朝为官，也不能不与其敷衍周旋。诗人内心极其苦闷，身在朝廷，心存山野。在这首诗中，他叹老嗟卑，惭愧无用，却隐隐地流露出对当朝援引朋党、年少竞进的不满。诗从他人值省中起笔，写寒夜漫长，漏滴声声，宫外草白霜凝，木衰月清。这萧条冷寂的冬夜景色，更加强了诗人的迟暮之感。五六句自绘其形，丽服与衰颜、朱灯与华发相互映照，对比鲜明。言简韵促，寓慨深沉。
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叶梦得《
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卜算子·五月八日夜凤凰亭纳凉》
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苏轼《
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倦夜》
王维简介
唐代·王维的简介
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王维（701年－761年，一说699年—761年），字摩诘，汉族，河东蒲州（今山西运城）人，祖籍山西祁县，唐朝诗人，有“诗佛”之称。苏轼评价其：“味摩诘之诗，诗中有画；观摩诘之画，画中有诗。”开元九年（721年）中进士，任太乐丞。王维是盛唐诗人的代表，今存诗400余首，重要诗作有《相思》《山居秋暝》等。王维精通佛学，受禅宗影响很大。佛教有一部《维摩诘经》，是王维名和字的由来。王维诗书画都很有名，非常多才多艺，音乐也很精通。与孟浩然合称“王孟”。
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