生查子·侍女动妆奁
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唐代]:韩偓
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侍女动妆奁,故故惊人睡。那知本未眠,背面偷垂泪。
懒卸凤凰钗,羞入鸳鸯被。时复见残灯,和烟坠金穗。
生查子·侍女动妆奁译文及注释
译文
侍女翻动着梳妆匣,故意惊动她不要再睡。哪知她本就彻夜未眠,正背转身偷偷地落泪。
懒得卸下发上的凤凰钗,又害羞钻进那鸳鸯锦被。不时看一眼将尽的灯烛,只见它随着烟落下灯花穗。
注释
生查子:原为唐教坊曲名,后用为词牌名。《尊前集》注:双调。元高拭词注:南吕宫。四十字,上下片格式相同,各两仄韵,上去通押。
侍女:婢女。
妆奁(lián):指女人化妆用的镜匣。
故故:故意,特地。
卸:除下。
凤凰钗:妇女头饰,凤凰状。
鸳鸯被:绣有鸳鸯花纹的被子。
金穗(suì):指灯芯节为灯花。结的过长了,有时候会掉火星。旧传灯花有喜信。
参考资料:
1、龙榆生撰.《唐五代词选注 》 :上海古籍出版社, 2014年:71页
2、赵仁珪,朱玉麟,杜媛萍编著.《唐五代词三百首译析 》 :吉林文史出版社, 2014:159页
生查子·侍女动妆奁创作背景
该词创作时间约为唐大中十四年至广明元年(860-880年)之间,词人韩偓在南唐皇帝唐昭宗下任兵部侍郎等职,专写女子裙裾脂粉之词供皇帝娱乐,该词收录于《尊前集》。
参考资料:
1、北京师联教育科学研究所.《古典诗歌基本解读 古诗观止 8 唐五代词观止 (中册) 》:人民武警出版社, 2002年:9页
生查子·侍女动妆奁鉴赏
词的上片写一个侍女对贵妇人未眠的误会与发现。“侍女动妆奁,故故惊人睡。”是说一个侍女动了一下梳妆用的镜匣,想故意惊醒睡着的女主人。可能侍女未获主人同意不便离开,但久候不耐烦,误以为人已睡着,有意发出响声,装做提醒主人梳妆的样子而惊醒她。“那知本未眠,背面偷垂泪。”意谓:哪知道主人本未睡着,而是背过面去躺在那里暗暗地落泪。
下片直接写贵妇人未眠的情态和原因。“懒卸凤凰钗,羞入鸳鸯被。”说女主人懒得摘除头上的凤凰钗就躺在床上了,看到被子上绣着鸳鸯而羞于睡进被子里。凤凰钗是做成凤凰形的钗子,鸳鸯被即绣上鸳鸯的被子。女主人是位贵妇人,未卸妆而卧是情绪不好。见被上鸳鸯成双,而自己却孤单一人,相形之下不觉害羞。这正暗示出其丈夫不与同居,是其孤独难眠的原因。“时复见残灯,和烟坠金穗。”说这时又见到油灯将尽,带着烟掉下一些火星。金穗,指灯芯结成的灯花,像金黄色麦穗。结的过长,掉下成为火星。这是写残夜之景。妇人虽已就寝,但依旧未入眠,可能前一夜是残灯下孤眠的,这一夜此时又一次见到残灯,见到灯花落下。这暗示等待丈夫同寝的希望又一次破灭。其相思之苦,读者自可理解。
这首词构思精密细致。从头二句写误以为入睡,到三四句写发现未眠,是个转折。五六句进一步写未眠的样子及原因。末二句更进一步写失眠之苦。描写步步深入,女主人孤眠之难,相思之深,也层层揭示。写侍女的动作与女主人懒卸妆有内在因果关系,因为主人懒卸妆,才有侍女动妆奁。前后安排,很有逻辑性。这首词描写贵妇人既恃贵娇懒,又相思害羞的心理十分细致。选用偷、懒、羞等形容妇人这种心理,极为精确。末二句以写景作结,耐人品味。表现了作者较高的艺术匠心。
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关汉卿《
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大德歌·秋》
韩偓简介
唐代·韩偓的简介
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韩偓(公元842年~公元923年)。中国唐代诗人。乳名冬郎,字致光,号致尧,晚年又号玉山樵人。陕西万年县(今樊川)人。自幼聪明好学,10岁时,曾即席赋诗送其姨夫李商隐,令满座皆惊,李商隐称赞其诗是“雏凤清于老凤声”。龙纪元年(889年),韩偓中进士,初在河中镇节度使幕府任职,后入朝历任左拾遗、左谏议大夫、度支副使、翰林学士。
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