大德歌·秋
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元代]：关汉卿
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风飘飘，雨潇潇，便做陈抟睡不着。懊恼伤怀抱，扑簌簌泪点抛。秋蝉儿噪罢寒蛩儿叫，淅零零细雨打芭蕉。
大德歌·秋译文及注释
译文
寒风飘飘，冷雨潇潇，就是那能睡的陈抟也睡不着。说不完的烦恼和愁苦伤透了心怀，伤心的泪水扑簌簌地像断线珍珠飞抛。秋蝉烦噪罢了蟋蟀又叫，渐渐沥沥的细雨轻打着芭蕉。
注释
双调：宫调名。大德歌：曲牌名。
便做：就算，即使。陈抟（tuán）：五代宋初著名道士，字图南，自号扶摇子，宋太宗赐名“希夷先生”，曾修道于华山，常一睡百天不醒。这句是说思人心切，即使做了陈抟也难以入睡。
扑簌簌：流泪的样子。
蛩：蟋蟀，又名促织。
淅零零：形容雨声。
大德歌·秋创作背景
大德歌是关汉卿在元成宗年间创作的新曲调，可知这首《大德歌·秋》作于大德（元成宗年号，1297—1307）年间，具体作年不详。
大德歌·秋鉴赏
这首小令描写的少妇的烦恼，是因为“人未归”而引发的，故“懊恼伤怀抱”便成为此曲表现的重点。此曲起头三句写风、写雨、写长夜不眠，由景入情，直入怀抱。“风飘飘，雨潇潇”，是说风雨交加，突然而至，声势咄咄逼人。这开头两句就给脆弱的少妇带来很大压力。“飘飘”“潇潇”双声叠韵，音响悠长，倍增空寂之情。女主人公心绪不宁，夜难成寐，所以第三句就说“便做陈抟睡不着”。这是借五代时在华山修道的陈抟老祖的故事，极言少妇被哀思愁绪煎熬着，即使做了陈抟，也难以入睡。忧思如此之深，终至烦恼、悔恨、伤心、落泪。所以四、五句又写道：“懊恼伤怀抱，扑簌簌泪点抛。”这是女主人公的愁苦情状。“扑簌簌泪点抛”是对这位女主人公的悲凉心境的具体展现，并在准确地捕捉这一典型细节以后留下空间，让读者想像补充，其闺房幽情在充实中越发空灵。如果说在《大德歌·春》、《大德歌·夏》两支小令里，尚局限于由于忧思而形容憔悴、瘦骨嶙峋的话，那么在《大德歌·秋》这支小令里，她的忧思就势如潮涌，终于冲决感情的堤坝，伤心的泪水滚滚而下了。不言而喻，“扑簌簌泪点抛”，就是对这位女主人公的悲凉心境的具体展现。最后二句“秋蝉儿噪罢寒蛩儿叫，淅零零细雨打芭蕉”继续写景，景语皆情语，蝉噪蛩鸣，雨打芭蕉。这些外界景物强烈地衬托出女主人公的孤独、寂寞和难以言喻的久别之苦，进一步凸现女主人公愁苦的心境。此时此刻，窗内：枕冷衾寒，形单影只；窗外：秋蝉寒蛩，轮番聒噪。这一切都融化在一起，物我不分，从而使女主人公的离思之苦得到了充分的表现。大有“梧桐声，，三更雨，不道离情正苦。一叶叶，一声声，空阶滴到明”（温庭筠《更漏子·玉炉香》）的境界。
此曲从秋景写起，又以秋景作结，中间由物及人，又由人及物，情景相生，交织成篇，加强了人物形象的真实感，大大提高了艺术感染力。
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关汉卿简介
唐代·关汉卿的简介
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关汉卿（约1220年──1300年），元代杂剧作家。是中国古代戏曲创作的代表人物，“元曲四大家”之首。号已斋（一作一斋）、已斋叟。汉族，解州人（今山西省运城），与马致远、郑光祖、白朴并称为“元曲四大家”。以杂剧的成就最大，一生写了60多种，今存18种，最著名的有《窦娥冤》；关汉卿也写了不少历史剧，如：《单刀会》、《单鞭夺槊》、《西蜀梦》等；散曲今在小令40多首、套数10多首。关汉卿塑造的“我却是蒸不烂、煮不熟、捶不匾、炒不爆、响珰珰一粒铜豌豆”（〈不伏老〉）的形象也广为人称，被誉“曲家圣人”。
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