西河·垂杨里
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清代]：王国维
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垂杨里。兰舟当日曾系。千帆过尽，只伊人不随书至。怪渠道著我侬心，一般思妇游子。
昨宵梦，分明记，几回飞渡烟水。西风吹断，伴灯花、摇摇欲坠。宵深待到凤凰山，声声啼鴂催起。
锦书宛在怀袖底。人迢迢、紫塞千里。算是不曾相忆。倘有情早合归来，休寄一纸，无聊相思字。
西河·垂杨里译文及注释
译文
那一年，他乘着系泊在柳树下的小船离我而去的。时光如梭，来来往往的船都只带来他的书信却不见他的踪影。嗔怪他如此知道我的心思，却不知是真知还是假知。
昨夜我在梦中，梦见自己穿越山水。西风吹来，孤灯摇曳。夜深了，梦游到凤凰山，山间一声声杜鹃的悲鸣。
他书信藏在袖子里，他人在千里之外。就算他没有想过我。如果他真的想起我来，早就回来了，何需这一纸书信，写些无聊的相思言语呢？
注释
①西河：《碧鸡漫志》卷五引《脞说》：“大历初，有乐工取古《西河长命女》加减节奏，颇有新声。”又称：“《大石调·西河慢》声犯正平，极奇古。”《清真集》入“大石”，当即此曲。张炎词，名《西河》。全词分三段共一百五字，前段六句四仄韵，中段七句四仄韵，后段六句四仄韵。
②兰舟：舟的美称。
③千帆过尽：取自温庭筠《梦江南》：“过尽千帆皆不是。”伊人：那个人。
④渠：他。我侬：我。一般：同样。
⑤烟水：雾霭迷蒙的水面。
⑥吹断：谓风吹梦断。
⑦待到：将到。啼鴂（jué）：即“鹈鴂”，杜鹃鸟之别称。
⑧锦书：一般指妻子给丈夫的书信，但此处指丈夫给妻子的书信。宛在：宛然犹在。
⑨紫塞：北方边塞。算：推测，料想。
⑩早合：早就该。合，应该。一纸无聊相思字：指那男子的书信。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹．王国维词新释辑评：中国书店出版社，2006：31
2、王国维著，山有扶疏编．一生最爱人间词 为伊消得人憔悴：天津教育出版社，,2012.08：第216页
西河·垂杨里创作背景
1904年，王国维赴苏州执教于江苏师范学堂，长年的分居生活让他思念亲人与妻子。他在给家人写信的同时，幻想着妻子收到这封信的心情，于是以自己妻子的立场写下了这首词。
参考资料：
1、王传胪．王国维与人间词：四川:四川大学学报，2002：17
西河·垂杨里鉴赏
《西河》这个词比较长，分为三段。一般来说，长的词一定要注意结构安排。王国维这首词在段落上是比较清晰的。
“垂柳”和“兰舟”是前人写离别最常用的词句，不过这里写的是离别之后的情景，是这个女子徘徊在当日送别的渡口等待游子归来。“千帆过尽”，用了温庭筠的《梦江南》。“只伊人不随书至”，就是沿着这个思路写下来的：这个女子收到了男子的书信，这是一喜，但书信中只说相思，人却不肯归来，这又是一悲。“怪渠道着我侬心，一般思妇游子”。这是以女子的口吻：我真是感到奇怪，他在信中所述的相思之情句句都说到了我的心里。
这第一段，把女子那种望眼欲穿的相思怀念和由此而生疑生怨的百转柔肠表现得既细腻又曲折。其内容以别后的思念为主“思”中有“怨”，但那“怨”却含而不露，要到第三段才明白表现出来。
第二段是通过梦魂的描写来述说自己的思念之苦。古人是有这种写法的。“西风吹断，伴灯花摇摇欲坠”同第一段中的“千帆过尽，只伊人不随书至”一样，都是适应句子的需要，把正式格律本该是七、四的停顿变成了四、七的停顿。“西风吹断”的宾语“梦”被省略了。“西风”，可能是梦中烟水上的西风，也可能是现实中窗外的风声。“宵深待到凤凰山”，夜深时她终于入梦了，这一次的梦可能稍长一点儿，所以梦中走过的路也就稍长一点儿。“待到”是将要到，就在她快要到达目的地但还没有到的时候，梦却不能接着做下去了。“啼鴂”是杜鹃鸟，那也是一种很悲哀的鸟。被啼鴂催醒，意味着从充满希望的梦里又回到了无可奈何的现实，这一段完全写相思之苦，写得很悲哀很缠绵。
第三段是由“思”而生“怨”。“锦书宛在怀袖底。人迢迢，紫塞千里”的“锦书”就是“只伊人不随书至”的那封书信。“倘有情、早合归来，休寄一纸无聊相思字”直白浅显，完全是现实生活中妇女说话口吻，这是它的好处。但它的缺点在于把要说的话都说尽了，比较缺乏“词之言长”的余味。
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晏几道《
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王国维简介
唐代·王国维的简介
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王国维（1877年—1927年），字伯隅、静安，号观堂、永观，汉族，浙江海宁盐官镇人。清末秀才。我国近现代在文学、美学、史学、哲学、古文字学、考古学等各方面成就卓著的学术巨子，国学大师。
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