思帝乡·云髻坠
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唐代]:韦庄
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云髻坠,凤钗垂,髻坠钗垂无力,枕函欹。
翡翠屏深月落,漏依依。说尽人间天上,两心知。
思帝乡·云髻坠译文及注释
译文
如云发髻飘坠,凤钗在耳边低垂,浑身无力慵懒地斜倚在枕上。
残月西落,翡翠绣屏昏暗,更漏声依依倾诉,说尽人间天上事,相思深情只有相爱人心知。
注释
《思帝乡》:唐玄宗时教坊曲名,后用为词调。许多词人后来用做词牌 。
云髻:高耸的发髻,形容头发蓬松如云。
坠:一作堕。《历代诗余》“云髻坠”作“云鬓坠”;明万历温博《花间集补》本作“队”,雪本作“堕”。
凤钗:一种妇女的首饰,钗头作凤形,故名。
枕函:中间可以藏物的枕头。即枕匣,古代枕头或以木制,中空如匣,故称枕匣。唐人习用语。
欹(qī),倚也,斜依、斜靠,歪斜。
翡翠屏:以翡翠玉石等嵌饰的屏风。一种深绿色的屏风,又可依律省作“翠屏”,词意更为显明。
依依:留恋不舍。漏依依:漏声迟缓,形容时间过得慢。谓漏刻缓慢。
人间天上:喻范围广阔也。说尽人间天上,两心知:谓盟誓深广,两心共知。
参考资料:
1、周世伟著.韦庄词汇释别解.成都:西南交通大学出版社,2009.10,第81-82页
2、朱东润主编.高等学校文科教材 中国历代文学作品选 中编 第一册.上海:上海古籍出版社,2002年06月第1版,第430-431页
3、钟尚钧 马大品 黄为之责任编辑 刘键.中国历代诗歌类编[M].河南教育出版社,1988年12月第1版,第642-643页
4、(五代后蜀)赵崇祚.花间集新注.江西人民出版社,1987年07月第1版,第161-162页
5、温广义.唐宋词常用词辞典[M].内蒙古人民出版社,1988年09月第1版,198页
6、温广义.唐宋词常用词辞典[M].内蒙古人民出版社,1988年09月第1版,460页
7、(唐)韦荘.韦荘集校注.四川省社会科学院出版社,1986年第1版,第508页
8、(唐)温庭筠 (五代)韦庄著.温庭筠韦庄词选[M].上海古籍出版社,2002年06月第1版,第119-120页
9、韦庄(齐涛笺注).韦庄诗词笺注 第2卷[M].山东教育出版社,2002年,第623-624页
10、李淼译注 赵崇祚编.花间词(绘图本).吉林文史出版社,2004年01月第1版,第103-105页
思帝乡·云髻坠创作背景
黄巢乱后,韦庄两度入蜀,后为王建赏识,卜居成都,王建建国称帝后,官至门下侍郎同平章事(宰相),治号小康,得以余力从事于文艺,《古今词话》称:“庄有宠人,资质艳丽,兼善词翰。建闻之,托以教内人为词,强夺去。”韦词牵涉此事者甚多。
参考资料:
1、师专《中国古代文学史纲》编写组.中国古代文学史纲 第二节 浓妆淡抹与粗服乱头——温庭筠·韦庄·李煜[M].甘肃人民出版社,1988年08月第1版,第275页
2、龙榆生撰.中国韵文史 下篇 第五章 令词在西蜀之发展[M].上海古籍出版社,2002年03月第1版,第79-80页
3、韦庄(齐涛笺注).韦庄诗词笺注 第1卷[M].山东教育出版社,2002年,第1-2页
4、(五代后蜀)赵崇祚编.花间集[M].北京:中国戏剧出版社,2002.3,第56页
5、朱东润主编.高等学校文科教材 中国历代文学作品选 中编 第一册.上海:上海古籍出版社,2002年06月第1版,第430页
6、师专《中国古代文学史纲》编写组.中国古代文学史纲 第二节 浓妆淡抹与粗服乱头——温庭筠·韦庄·李煜.甘肃人民出版社,1988年08月第1版,第277页
7、黄士吉.中国古代文学 上册[M].延边大学出版社,1988年12月第1版,第229页
思帝乡·云髻坠鉴赏
这首词写女子相思难眠。开头两句写明主人公髻偏、钗垂,无力凭枕的情思。已暗示了她心思重重。“翡翠”二句是写女子在漏长更深、月落屏暗之时,整夜辗转难眠的苦况。最后两句,说出事由。“说尽”二字,直贯而下,谓其恋恋不忘,两心至死不渝。
词的风格表现为清丽疏淡,是民间词的拟作,写的是闺情,以女子口吻出之,情感显得十分真挚。神韵格调迫近民歌,感情热烈、真挚,率真抒情,很明显受到民间作品的影响,像元人散曲。
韦庄所作《思帝乡》共2首,在体式上略有变化,所写内容则大致相近,前一首词咏闺情,抒写相思的情怀,表达对爱情的追求;开头四句,描写女主人公的妆饰与情态:髻坠,钗垂,困乏无力,倚枕而卧,暗示出人物的孤寂与慵懒;“翡翠”二句,着意渲染长夜寂寂的环境气氛,用以衬托人物辗转不眠整夜;末尾两句,表达对爱情的忠贞不渝和执著追求。
此词写闺妇相思愁情,词中写女子孤寂无奈情态形象鲜明,环境描写烘托了气氛。
俞陛云《五代词选释》:“调寄《思帝乡》,当是思唐之作,而托为绮词。身既相蜀,焉能求谅于故君?结句言此心终不忘唐,犹李陵降胡,未能忘汉也。”认为此词是以绮词表象掩盖的思唐之作的这种托寓说法,固然有穿凿附会的嫌疑,但由此也可以看出韦庄此词抒情真切的特征。
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秦观《
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水龙吟·小楼连苑横空》
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谢枋得《
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蚕妇吟》
韦庄简介
唐代·韦庄的简介
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韦庄(约836年─910年),字端己,杜陵(今中国陕西省西安市附近)人,诗人韦应物的四代孙,唐朝花间派词人,词风清丽,有《浣花词》流传。曾任前蜀宰相,谥文靖。
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翁溪园
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镇淮楼下旌旗,晶明辉映云山阁。宸旒倚重,折冲千里,无逾秋壑。缓带轻裘,纶巾羽扇,从容筹略。使毡裘胆破,丁宁边吏,无生事,空沙漠。
二十四桥风月,称断楼、卷尽帘箔。绂麟华旦,饱吟玉蕊,款簪金药。驿骑朝驰,宝鞍卖赐,御筵宣押。更赐环促如,中书入令,作汾阳郭。