应天长·一钩初月临妆镜
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五代]：李璟
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一钩初月临妆镜，蝉鬓凤钗慵不整。重帘静，层楼迥，惆怅落花风不定。
柳堤芳草径，梦断辘轳金井。昨夜更阑酒醒，春愁过却病。
应天长·一钩初月临妆镜译文及注释
译文
一钩月牙儿斜缀在天边，正是一个春晴的早晨，发黑如漆鬓薄如蝉的她对着镜子而慵懒得无心妆扮。她独处深闺之中，在迢迢高楼上，还裹着重重帘幕。于是将重帘挑起，帘外所见，却是风吹花落，花落无凭，上下翻转，一地狼藉。
忆当时在那长堤垂柳，芳草香径中，二人曾牵手漫步，那明净的井台，雕花的栏杆上，曾并坐谈心。而今只有梦中重见。昨夜夜深月残之时酒后醒来，梦中相聚的场景全部消失，对于春的伤愁更加深切，甚至远远超过了病痛的难受。
注释
应天长：词牌名。此调有小令、长调两体。各家用此调字数有增减。此词四十九字，前后片各五句四仄韵。
初月：新月，一说指愁眉。
蝉鬓：古代妇女的一种发式。两鬓薄如蝉翼，故称。凤钗：钗的一种，妇女的头饰。钗头如凤形，故名。慵不整：指无心梳洗。慵，形容懒散的样子。
重帘：层层帘幕。
迥（jiǒng）：深远，遥远。
惆怅：因失意或失望而伤感、懊恼。
柳堤：植有柳树的堤岸。
辘（lù）轳（lú）：利用轮轴原理制成的井上汲水的起重装置，比喻心中情思如辘轳般反复上下。金井：井栏上有雕饰的井，一般用以指宫廷园林里的井。
更阑：夜深月残。
过却：超过，胜过。
参考资料：
1、杨敏如．南唐二主词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2003：1-3
2、蒋 方 编选．李璟李煜集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：11-13
应天长·一钩初月临妆镜创作背景
南唐保大十三年（955年），李璟被迫奉表称臣于周，但是周世宗仍然一再亲征南唐。此词中落花不定的情境正与词人当时无依彷徨的心境相契合。此词具体创作年份不详。南唐后主李煜曾亲手书写此词，并题为“先皇御制”。
参考资料：
1、杨敏如．南唐二主词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2003：1-3
2、蒋 方 编选．李璟李煜集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：11-13
应天长·一钩初月临妆镜鉴赏
这首词以重帘层楼里的思妇伤春伤别甚于作病的春愁，表达了作者深受后周胁迫、处境艰难、语多讳忌的深刻痛苦。词从女主人公早晨起来，懒于妆扮着笔，到她惆怅之情如风里落花一样，再追忆往欢不可再得，最后以春愁重压为结。她面对妆镜，无心打扮，风里落花，飘无所依。
上片以“一钩初月”领起，描写少妇晨起对镜，然无心梳洗，鬓发不整，其情形与《诗经·卫风·伯兮》“自伯之东，首如飞蓬。岂无膏沐？谁适为容”有相似之处，亦可知女为悦己者容是一个千年的理念。“重帘静，层楼迥”即写伤春人独处深闺之中，重重帘幕，高楼迢迢。这是由寂静和遥远的意境衬托人的寂寞和思念。“惆怅落花风不定”一句最佳，道出伤春人多少思绪。花落春去，美好在凋零。花犹如此，人何以堪。落了一地的不止是无凭的花，更有无依的心。这一如无法把握的身世，没有依靠的人生，有情之人不能不感伤和惆怅。此句意象美，意蕴深，将一位深闺女子面对春景而叹息青春、渴望珍惜却感慨无奈的心思微妙地传达出来，又不露刻画痕迹，充分显示了作者语言才能的高妙。
下片紧承风吹落花而将画面展开，视界变得开阔，似有一种心情的舒展。换头“柳堤芳草”“辘轳金井”写过去游乐的美好时光，犹记当时，与友朋携手于芳草香径之间。这些充满温馨的画面，而今却是“梦断”。“梦断”二字下得很冷，一种被夺走的恨意与无奈。写到这里，作者才揭示出楼中人郁闷的原因：原来是感伤离别。结尾点明心思：为销愁，昨夜也曾饮酒，然而夜深酒醒，四周沉寂清冷，春愁却是更深。“更阑酒醒”四个字被柳永演绎为：“今宵酒醒何处，杨柳岸、晓风残月。”一夜的相思终是落了个“为伊消得人憔悴”，“春愁”郁积于胸成为永远的悲哀与痛苦。“春愁过却病”是词之眼，春愁之甚甚于病，苦楚难忍。张爱玲的“长的是痛苦，短的才是一生”是对“春愁过却病”最好的注释。
这首词之所以为人称道，甚至被误认为是后主李煜词，或冯延巳词，乃至欧阳修词，是因为词中意象的妙用，渲染了思妇的春愁，使春愁力透纸背，也浸透了看客的心扉。词人在词中主要使用了以下意象，一是“重帘层楼”，二是“落花风不定”，三是“柳堤芳草径”，四是“辘轳金井”。
“重帘层楼”，既是思妇所处的与外界、与春天隔绝的实景，也是李中主孤独无依的艰难处境形象比喻；“落花风不定”，既写景又写人，既是景亦是人，春风不定而使人想到了落红无数，落红无数引起无限伤春情思，不停地伤春情思使人憔悴不堪，犹如春风不定而落红无数；“柳堤芳草径”，既是情侣惜别的实景，又是“杨柳依依”“天涯芳草”的伤心暗示；“辘轳金井”既是词人梦断之因的实景，又似在说，梦虽醒了但如辘轳金井般反复上下的情思却难以了断。这实与虚的反复出现、反复对应，大大渲染了春愁情绪，以致词人最后发出了春愁浓于酒、春愁之苦人且甚于生病的哀叹。
全词写别离的苦痛。上片写晨起无心梳整，下片写昨夜醉醒愁浓，后者是因，前者是果；上片写风飘花落的惆怅，下片写柳堤芳草的情事，后者是回忆，前者是现实。上片立足于看，表现离情之痛；下片着笔于想，表现春愁之苦。上下两片层层推进，脉络清晰，结构严密。
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李白《
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捣衣篇》
李璟简介
唐代·李璟的简介
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李璟（（916－961年8月12日），五代十国时期南唐第二位皇帝，943年嗣位。后因受到后周威胁，削去帝号，改称国主，史称南唐中主。即位后开始大规模对外用兵，消灭楚、闽二国。他在位时，南唐疆土最大。不过李璟奢侈无度，导致政治腐败，国力下降。李璟好读书，多才艺。常与宠臣韩熙载、冯延巳等饮宴赋诗。他的词，感情真挚，风格清新，语言不事雕琢，“小楼吹彻玉笙寒”是流芳千古的名句。961年逝，时年47岁。庙号元宗，谥号明道崇德文宣孝皇帝。其诗词被录入《南唐二主词》中。
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洪适
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一丘封竹弟，万石齿金昆。收拾甲乙品，庄严可款门。
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众口
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明代：
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郭之奇
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结绳时远，众口喁噞。载声于腕，墨深管铦。陷文不顾，甘谀乐疢，讳疾忘砭。
谁能响迩，或恐扬燖。宜彼金人，铭背三缄。
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游仙吟三十首用栩园韵 其十九
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：
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汪石青
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龙鸾百队会蟠桃，冷看熙来攘往劳。座上有时吹合雅，人间何处吊离骚。
投壶未必诸天笑，衔石终看一念牢。妙手不辞稍点缀，居然忘镜又忘刀。