东坡引·陇头梅半吐
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宋代]：袁去华
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陇头梅半吐。江南岁将暮。闲窗尽日将愁度。黄昏愁更苦。
归期望断，双鱼尺素。念嘶骑、今到何处。残灯背壁三更鼓。斜风吹细雨。
东坡引·陇头梅半吐鉴赏
袁去华善写眷恋怀人之词，抒写别离相思，情意深厚。这首词是代思妇立言，以思念归人的情思寄托他的志向和感情。
词的上阕以景起，以情结。首句写景兼点时令，而于景物中独取高洁狷介的梅花。但“陇头梅半吐”，山丘之端的寒梅含苞未吐，开首就显出景象萧索，意兴阑珊，点明在开春之前。次句直叙在江南岁末，本来年终岁末是羁旅者的归期，也是思妇情思最深、盼归心切的日子。《诗经·王风·君子于役》：“君子于役，不知归期，曷至哉？鸡栖于埘，日之夕矣，羊牛下来，君子于役，如之何勿思？”但此词三四句极写思妇的忧虑，一连用了两个愁字：“闲窗尽日将愁度，黄昏愁更苦。”整日在窗前户旁，明知无望也空自怅望，在柔肠百结中伴和着绵绵愁思度日。到了黄昏，这岁暮、日暮，家家盼得归人之时，极写无望中的失望，把思妇的愁思推向顶端，使人看到一个在铭心刻骨的相思中悲伤失望已极、如坐愁城的少妇形象。
词的下阕以情起，以景结，一开始就点明了忧愁的缘由是没有接到丈夫报归的家书：“归期望断，双鱼尺素。”古代书札相遗，以绢素叠成双鱼之形，古诗中有“尺素如霜雪，叠成双鲤鱼”之句。“念嘶骑、今到何处？”这里用借代的手法以“嘶叫的坐骑”指代骑在马背上的丈夫。作者写了思妇失望无奈的黯淡心绪后，又从情语转到景语：“残灯背壁三更鼓，斜风吹细雨。”灯油将尽，灯光惨淡，长夜不寐，思妇仍无丝毫睡意，只听得墙背后传来三更鼓声。细雨被风吹着斜打着墙壁，淅淅沥沥，连绵不断，正象思妇的愁绪一样，这又反衬出思妇怅伤已极的孤寂心境。
整首词以景起，以景结，前后相照应，如刘熙载所说，在袁去华的笔下，“词或前景后情，或前情后景，或情景齐到，相间相融，各有其妙”（《艺概·词曲概》）。这首词的语言生动流畅，妙笔如环，作者抒写思妇的衷曲从心灵深处自然流露出来，婉转曲折，真切感人。
袁去华生活在南宋初期，素来有志恢复，“记当年，携长剑，觅封侯”（《水调歌头》）。但他一生只在湖南善化、醴县、石首等地担任过地方官，而且为了同情百姓的苦难，反对郡守征赋而遭到谪降和“纷纷毁誉”。寄概国事于香草美人是诗词的传统手法，作者在此词抒写的满腔忧愁和失望，不是狭隘的个人感情，而是与南宋朝廷衰颓不振的局面紧紧联系在一起的。权奸当道，报国无路，恢复壮志难以伸展，忧虑失望已极的情感寄寓，使这首词的意境显得更加深厚沉郁，耐人寻思。
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刘禹锡《
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望夫山》
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陈玉兰《
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寄夫》
袁去华简介
唐代·袁去华的简介
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袁去华，字宣卿，江西奉新（一作豫章）人。生卒年均不详，约宋高宗绍兴末前后在世。绍兴十五年（公元一一四五年）进士。改官知石首县而卒。善为歌词，尝为张孝祥所称。去华著有适斋类稿八卷，词一卷，著有《适斋类稿》、《袁宣卿词》、《文献通考》传于世。存词90余首。
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