菩萨蛮·绿芜墙绕青苔院
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宋代]:陈克
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绿芜墙绕青苔院,中庭日淡芭蕉卷。蝴蝶上阶飞,烘帘自在垂。
玉钩双语燕,宝甃杨花转。几处簸钱声,绿窗春睡轻。
菩萨蛮·绿芜墙绕青苔院译文及注释
译文
绿草丛生的围墙,环绕着长满青苔的庭院。庭院中日色融融芭蕉叶儿卷。蝴蝶在台阶上翩翩起飞,帷帘在微风里自在飘垂。
白玉的帘钩上一双燕儿低语呢喃,井垣的四周杨花柳絮飘旋飞转。几处传出簸钱为戏的嬉闹声,绿窗里正做着淡淡的春梦。
注释
菩萨蛮:本唐教坊曲,后用为词牌,也用作曲牌。亦作《菩萨鬘》,又名《子夜歌》、《重叠金》等。《菩萨蛮》为双调,四十四字,属小令,以五七言组成。下片后二句与上片后二句字数格式相同。上下片各四句,均为两仄韵,两平韵。
芜:丛生之草。
中庭:庭院;庭院之中。
烘帘:暖帘,用以挡风的布帘。
玉钩:喻新月。
宝甓(zhòu):华美的井、池。甓:井壁。
簸钱:唐、宋问流行的一种赌博游戏,玩者持钱在手,两手相扣,来回颠簸,然后依次摊开,让人猜其反正,以中否决胜负,赌输赢。王建《宫词》:“暂向玉华阶上坐,簸钱赢得两三筹。”
参考资料:
1、程帆主编;段其民,王彦芳副主编.唐诗宋词鉴赏辞典 无障碍阅读学生版:湖南教育出版社,2012.01:第399页
2、江天.中国才子文化集成 第2卷 唐诗、宋词:新世界出版社,1998.09:第632页
菩萨蛮·绿芜墙绕青苔院创作背景
陈克亲历两宋之交的战乱,其词虽对时世有所反应,但词还是承"花间"和北宋的婉丽之风,以描写粉融香润的生活和闲适之情见长。此词就体现了他的这种词风。
参考资料:
1、傅德岷,卢晋.宋词鉴赏辞典:长江出版社,2006.07:第229页
菩萨蛮·绿芜墙绕青苔院鉴赏
《白雨斋词话》云:“陈子高词温雅闲丽,暗合温、韦之旨。”这首词的特点,即在一个“闲”字。李白有《山中问答》诗:“问余何意栖碧山,笑而不答心自闲,桃花流水杳然去,别有天地非人间。”“心自闲”,指身栖碧山的闲适之趣,而读者即在那“笑而不答”的启示下发出会心的微笑。这首词也是着眼于“闲适”而又意在言外,使人心领神会,悠然自得。陈振孙、周济等都称陈克词“格韵极高”,大约就是指他词中那种“不着一字,尽得风流”的韵致而言吧。
这首词通篇写景,而人物的内心的活动即妙合于景物描绘之中,“情景名为二,而实不可离,神于诗者妙合无垠。巧者则情中景,景中情。”(《夕堂永日绪论》)上片展现映入帘内之人眼中的庭院景象,由远而近,由静到动。首句写院墙,其上绿草杂生,围住寂寂庭院,院内青苔满地,可见人迹罕至,古诗亦有云:“并由履迹少,一夜上阶生。”“中庭”句指正午时分阳光淡淡投上蕉叶,“卷”字形容蕉叶卷心,姿态自然。李清照词曰:“窗前谁种芭蕉树,阴满中庭,阴满中庭、叶叶心心,舒卷有余情。”蕉叶大而遮荫,庭院因而显得幽深。“蝴蝶”句点出阶前无人,出入花丛林间的蝶儿也款款而来。末句只写帘儿轻垂,随风微动,“一行珠帘闲不卷”,帘内之人的所见所感则含蓄不露,“‘池塘生春草’、‘蝴蝶飞南园’、‘明月照积雪’,皆心中目中与相融浃,一出语时,即得珠圆玉润,要亦各视其所怀来而与景相迎者也。”(《夕堂永日绪论》)此是指客观自然景物与诗人自身感受两者能和谐并相互渗透而言。这首词上片写庭院的幽静自然,词人的闲适心情,两者交相融合,韵味隽永。
下片“玉钩”句从“风帘自在垂”而来。燕子多在人家梁间作巢,出入房栊,“还相雕梁藻井,又软语商量不定。”“穿帘海燕双飞去。”由于珠帘不卷,玉钩空悬,双双燕子,呢喃其上,听来是那样低软柔和,真是比“迷离晓梦啼莺”还要悠忽。“宝甃”句写杨花飘飏旋转于井垣四周,优游自如,“不肯画堂朱户,春风自在杨花。”这是庭中景物再现于迷梦之中,“几处”句,依稀闻得簸钱为戏的声音。王建《宫词》云:“暂向玉华阶上坐,簸钱赢得两三筹。”笑语嬉闹,都在隐约之间。这些景物描写给人的印象是似有若无,不可捉摸。
末句方始点出人物,绿窗之下,午梦悠悠,一“轻”字形容似睡非睡,若梦非梦,苏轼有“红窗睡重不闻莺”之句,李清照词云:“浓睡不消残酒。”“轻”就是和“重”、“浓”相对而言。睡重故不闻莺啼,浓睡乃不消残酒,而睡轻则燕语、花飞和簸钱声都如有所闻,若有所见,这种朦胧的景象与词人悠闲的心情亦是相和谐而渗透的,所构成的意境是闲适而又多意外之趣。正如郭忠恕画天外数峰,略有笔墨,而意在笔墨之外。
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魏夫人《
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汤允绩《
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浣溪沙·燕垒雏空日正长》
陈克简介
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(1081—1137)北宋末南宋初词人。字子高,自号赤城居士。临海(今属浙江)人。
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便便也,撑肠柱腹皆奇卷。
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