诉衷情·芙蓉金菊斗馨香
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宋代]：晏殊
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流水淡，碧天长。路茫茫。凭高目断。鸿雁来时，无限思量。
诉衷情·芙蓉金菊斗馨香译文及注释
译文
在节气接近重阳的时侯，芙蓉和金菊争芳斗妍。远处的乡村，秋色如画中一般美丽，树林间从浓密的红叶中透出稀疏的黄色．真是鲜亮可爱。
中原地区，秋雨少，秋水无波，清澈明净；天高气爽，万里无云，平原仰视，上天宽阔没有边际，前路茫茫，把握不住。登高远望，看到鸿雁飞来，引起头脑中无限的思念。
注释
芙蓉：荷花；金菊：黄色的菊花；斗：比胜；馨：散布得很远的香气。
天气：气候；重阳：农历九月九日，重阳节。
红树：这里指枫树； 间：相间，夹杂。
流水淡：溪水清澈明净。
碧天：碧蓝的天空。
茫茫：广阔，深远。
目断：指望至视界所尽处，犹言凝神眺望；凭高目断：依仗高处极目远望，直到看不见。
鸿雁：即“雁”。大的叫鸿，小的叫雁。
思量：相思。
参考资料：
1、石延博 ．宋词 ：中国和平出版社 ，2004 ：29-30 ．
2、陈耳东，陈笑呐 ．情词 ：陕西人民出版社 ，1997. ：220-221 ．
3、费振刚主编 陶尔夫 杨庆辰著 ．中国历代名家流派词传 晏欧词传 ：吉林人民出版社 ，1999 ：124 ．
4、曹宁子 ．中国传统文化经典诵读 二 ：甘肃文化出版社 ，2007 ：51 ．
诉衷情·芙蓉金菊斗馨香创作背景
作者于仁宗宝元元年（1038年）赋此词，时四十八岁，为陈州（今河南淮阳）知州。他由参知政事贬来此地已六年，常借酒遣怀，此词是秋天在开封登高远望时所作。
参考资料：
1、王炜 ．宋词 上卷 ：沈阳出版社 ，2001 ：52 ．
2、刘扬忠 ．晏殊词新释辑评 ：中国书店 ，2003 ：102 ．
诉衷情·芙蓉金菊斗馨香鉴赏
此词以写景为主，上片点明“天气欲重阳”，下片以“凭高目断”相照应，可知此词为重九登高所作。词中通过对节令、景物、环境的描写，烘托出重阳佳节倍思亲的气氛，最后以“无限思量”点出主题。
词起两句：“芙蓉金菊斗馨香，天气近重阳。”选出木芙蓉、黄菊两种花依然盛开、能够在秋风中争香斗艳来表现“重阳”到临前的季节特征。接着“远村秋色如画，红树间疏黄”两句，从近景写到远景，从周围写到望中的乡村，从花写到树。秋景最美的，本来就是秋叶，这里拈出树上红叶来写，充分显出时令特征。红树中间还带着一些“疏黄”之色，树叶之红是浓密的，而黄则是稀疏的，浓淡相间，色调更丰，画境更美。
下片“流水淡，碧天长，路茫茫”三句从陆上写到水上，从地面写到天上。着一“淡”字，写出中原地区秋雨少，秋水无波，清光澄净之景致；而天高气爽，万里无云，平原仰视，上天宽阔无际，于是，又用一“长”字状天。这两字看似平常，却很贴切。上面景语，用笔疏淡，表现作者的心境是闲适的。至“路茫茫”三字，则带感慨情绪：前路茫茫，把握不住。接下去：“凭高目断，鸿雁来时，无限思量”写久久地登高遥望，看到鸿雁飞来，引起头脑中的无限思念。
王国维在《人间词话》中指出：“一切景语，皆情语也。”此词之写景正与此境相合。正因为前面所写之景蕴含着作者的感情，因此最后点题水到渠成，收到情景相生的艺术效果。
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晏殊【yàn shū】（991-1055）字同叔，著名词人、诗人、散文家，北宋抚州府临川城人（今江西进贤县文港镇沙河人，位于香楠峰下，其父为抚州府手力节级），是当时的抚州籍第一个宰相。晏殊与其第七子晏几道（1037-1110），在当时北宋词坛上，被称为“大晏”和“小晏”。
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