忆少年·飞花时节
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清代]：朱彝尊
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飞花时节，垂杨巷陌，东风庭院。重帘尚如昔，但窥帘人远。
叶底歌莺梁上燕，一声声伴人幽怨。相思了无益，悔当初相见。
忆少年·飞花时节译文及注释
译文
又到了落花纷飞的时节，就在垂杨掩映的街巷，东风吹拂着庭院。重重的帘幕一如往昔，但帘中窥望的人离我已远。
浓叶间仍听见黄莺婉转歌唱，梁上依旧有燕语呢喃，一声声都有我的幽怨。相思全都徒然无益，后悔当初与之相见。
注释
忆少年：词牌名，又名“十二时”、“桃花曲”、“陇首山”，双调四十六字，五仄韵。
窥帘人远：谓情人不在眼前。窥，窥探。
忆少年·飞花时节创作背景
此词是作者为其真心喜爱并终生不忘的一位恋人（可能是作者妻妹冯寿常）所作，借以表达旧地重游、爱而不见的相思之苦，具体创作时间不详。
参考资料：
1、高泽雄 编．古代情诗名篇五百首．武汉：湖北人民出版社，2014年：265-266
2、钱仲联 主编．爱情词与散曲鉴赏辞典：湖南教育出版社，1992年：1032
忆少年·飞花时节鉴赏
此词上片以三个四字句领起，利用时地景物的有机统一，简洁地点出庭院深深、春意盎然，为寻访恋人作了铺垫，以无声出意境。而重在写景叙事，可以分为前三句、后二句两个层次。“飞花时节，垂杨巷陌，东风庭院”三句交待自己重访旧地的时间、地点及道路情况。时间是在暮春时分，其时春风吹拂，柳絮飞舞。词人走过一条两旁种有垂柳的小路，来到了心上人居住过的庭院。后两句“重帘尚如昔，但窥帘人远”为另一层次。词人站在庭院里，只见一层层窗帘还像过去那样悬垂着，可是再也见不到那窥帘的女子了。上句用一“尚”字，笔意由轻快而凝滞；下句着一“但”字，作大幅度转折，加强了渴望与无望的反衬效果，浓化了词人的孤独感和失落感，不着“情”字，而哀怨之意毕出。
下片紧承“窥帘人远”的事实及由此引发的感慨着笔，进一步抒写自己失落的情怀，以有声见心绪。也分前后两个层次，先是借景抒情，然后是直接抒情。“叶底歌莺梁上燕，一声声、伴人幽怨”，以欢乐的莺声、燕语反衬自己的“幽怨”之情。正当词人站在庭院中，因“窥帘人远”而惘然若失时，忽然听到了林间传来的黄莺鸣叫声，见到了正在粱间呢喃的燕子。莺声燕语本是美好春色的组成部分，足可供人赏心悦目，但在感伤的词人听来，莺燕的啼鸣愈欢快，自己感受到的“幽怨”也就更为强烈、明显。“伴”字是句中之眼，是由景及情的一个关键字。说莺燕与人为伴，说莺燕的鸣叫似在宣告人的欢快，都可以领会，但若要说莺燕声“伴人幽怨”，就会感到难以索解了。这里的“伴”字是一种“陌生化”的用法，如果对“幽怨”之情没有特别强烈的切身体验，是不可能体会到此“伴”字的应用之妙的。下片的另一层次是作为结拍的最后两旬——“相思了无益，悔当初相见”，直接抒情，收结全篇。与此前寓情于景的写法不同，这两句采用明白的语言，直接吐露自己的心声，与“当初不合种相思”不谋而合。真是人同此心，心同此情，虽历千百年而不易。一结虽作后悔语，却非浅薄语。词人之所以言“悔”，根本原因在于其爱之过深、思之太苦。“悔”是在其受尽感情煎熬之后的一种自我解脱的方法，骨子里正反映了他的沉痛。
全词感情诚挚，从景物的描绘到出自肺腑的呼唤，情感渐渐升华，至最终达到高潮，细味可以看到其中发展的脉络。
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朱彝尊简介
唐代·朱彝尊的简介
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朱彝尊(1629～1709)，清代诗人、词人、学者、藏书家。字锡鬯，号竹垞，又号驱芳，晚号小长芦钓鱼师，又号金风亭长。汉族，秀水（今浙江嘉兴市）人。康熙十八年（1679）举博学鸿词科，除检讨。二十二年（1683）入直南书房。曾参加纂修《明史》。博通经史，诗与王士祯称南北两大宗。作词风格清丽，为浙西词派的创始者，与陈维崧并称朱陈。精于金石文史，购藏古籍图书不遗余力，为清初著名藏书家之一。
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