夜行船·正月十八日闻卖杏花有感
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宋代]：史达祖
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不剪春衫愁意态。过收灯、有些寒在。小雨空帘，无人深巷，已早杏花先卖。
白发潘郎宽沈带。怕看山、忆他眉黛。草色拖裙，烟光惹鬓，常记故园挑菜。
夜行船·正月十八日闻卖杏花有感译文及注释
译文
无意缝制春衫，春来一副愁苦样态。已经过了元宵灯节，仍然有袭人的寒气在。霏霏细雨家家门帘虚掩，深巷寂寂无人影，却早有杏花儿叫卖声。
白发潘郎的我，腰身瘦损宽衣带，害怕看那苍翠的远山，那会让我忆起她的眉黛。绿草茵茵，像她拖到地面的长裙。迷蒙的云烟，令人想起她如云的双鬓。故乡二月二的挑菜节又快到了，常想起和她相见的情景。
注释
夜行船：此调又名“明月棹孤舟”。双调五十五字或五十六字，仄韵格。
剪：裁剪。
收灯：宋代习俗，正月十五日元宵节前后数日燃灯纵赏，赏毕收灯，市人争先出城探春。过收灯：指过了收花灯的时间。
白发潘郎：潘岳中年鬓发斑白。潘郎：借指妇女所爱慕的男子。
宽沈带：指沈约因瘦损而衣带宽，此句为自指。
眉黛：古代女子用黛画眉，因此称眉为“眉黛”。
挑菜：唐代风俗，农历二月初二曲江拾菜，士民观游其间，谓之挑菜节。
参考资料：
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（南宋·辽·金卷）.上海辞书出版社，1988年版，第2634页
2、郑在瀛 张声启．《中国历代爱情诗萃》．武汉：武汉大学出版社，2003年01月：第413页
夜行船·正月十八日闻卖杏花有感创作背景
开禧二年（1206年），韩侂胄北伐金国失败，次年被诛，史达祖曾是权相韩侂胄门下掾吏，极受倚信，宋国伐金失败，他亦受牵连被贬出京。作者正当中年，心中多悱恻悲怨之情，他于正月十八日听到街上叫卖杏花的声音，感慨物是人非写下此词。
参考资料：
1、林力 肖剑．《宋词鉴赏大典 （上、中、下卷）》．北京：长征出版社，1999年11月：第1403页
夜行船·正月十八日闻卖杏花有感鉴赏
词的首句极写春日无聊况味。“不剪春衫”，有两重意：一是无人为剪春衫，一是无意出外春游。作者在《寿楼春·寻春服感念》词中写道：“裁春衫寻芳。记金刀素手，同在晴窗。”此时心事重重，意趣索然，唯有闭门不出。“愁意态”三字，补足句意。次句转接得极妙，仿佛是由于春寒料峭才不剪春衫，用意便觉渺远。元宵节赏完收灯，本该出门去探春，可是，作者却无心探春，只轻点一笔“有些寒在”，便把词人难以为怀的境况托出，为下片追忆往事作了铺垫。接以“小雨”三句，写听到卖杏花的情景。尽管词人意绪寥落，不愿出门探春，可是，春天的信息还是传到这无人的深巷中。写杏花之诗，宋人多有佳句，陈与义云：“杏花消息雨声中”，陆游云“小楼一夜听春雨，深巷明朝卖杏花”，皆脍炙人口，而此词云“小雨空帘，无人深巷，已早杏花先卖”，余韵悠长，却是典型的词语。在恼人的春寒中，帘外，飘洒着丝丝细雨，深巷里阒寂无人，忽然，传来了叫卖杏花的声音，勾起了词人无名的怅惘。情与景遇，一拍即合，下文便转入感慨与追忆。
“白发潘郎宽沈带”，是关键之笔。晋代潘岳《秋兴赋》中说自己三十二岁时便鬓发斑白，南朝梁沈约在写给徐勉的信中说自己因病消瘦，腰带也觉得宽了。潘鬓沈腰，是诗词中常用的典实。点出愁怨与无奈，芳节重临，年华荏苒，索居憔悴，往事凄迷——“怕看山、忆他眉黛”，至此方转入正题，点出佳节不出的真正原因，与上文“不剪春衫”等语相呼应。《西京杂记》描写卓文君“眉色如望远山”，故诗词中常将佳人之眉与青山互喻。作者《绮罗香》词云“隐约遥峰，和泪谢娘眉妩”，而此词说怕看山而想起伊人的眉黛，当有同样的感受。末三句，尽态极妍，辞情俱到，诚为妙笔。念念不忘的是伊人当年在故园中踏青挑菜的情景；她那绿如芳草的罗裙，拖曳在如茵的芳草地上；春日的艳阳，透过烟霭，斜照着她如云的鬓发。结句为全词着意所在。二月二日，为“挑菜节”，城中士女相率到郊外或园林中游现戏乐，这也是男女约会幽欢的好时机。题中“闻卖杏花有感”之意，至此全出。正月十八收灯之后，再过十多天便是挑菜节，卖花声声，触起心中的隐痛，中年情怀，就更是难堪了。
上下片今昔对比，均以清丽之笔出之，写芳春景物情事，风致嫣然，唯于两片首句略点愁意，正见梅溪词笔高处。
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佚名《
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一剪梅·漠漠春阴酒半酣》
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谢逸《
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蝶恋花·豆蔻梢头春色浅》
史达祖简介
唐代·史达祖的简介
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史达祖1163～1220？年，字邦卿，号梅溪，汴（河南开封）人。一生未中第，早年任过幕僚。韩侂胄当国时，他是最亲信的堂吏，负责撰拟文书。韩败，史牵连受黥刑，死于贫困中。史达祖的词以咏物为长，其中不乏身世之感。他还在宁宗朝北行使金，这一部分的北行词，充满了沉痛的家国之感。今传有《梅溪词》。存词112首。
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