卜算子·樽前一曲歌
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宋代]：杜安世
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樽前一曲歌，歌里千重意。才欲歌时泪已流，恨应更、多于泪。
试问缘何事？不语如痴醉。我亦情多不忍闻，怕和我、成憔悴。
卜算子·樽前一曲歌译文及注释
译文
美酒当前，歌女高唱一曲，歌中似有千重含义。她在刚要唱歌之时已经泪流满面，恐怕她心中的苦恨比泪水还多。
我试着问她，为何事而如此悲伤？她如痴如醉，沉默不语。我也是个多情人，听不了伤心人说伤心事。唯恐两人同病相怜，共同悲歌。
注释
卜算子：词牌名。
樽前：在酒樽之前。一作“尊前”。
恨应更、多于泪：按《卜算子》词调，结句本为五字句，此处加一字，为衬字。下阕结句同。
缘：因为，由于。
卜算子·樽前一曲歌鉴赏
这首词写的是作者闻歌伤怀之感，其情事大致类于白居易之《琵琶行》，然而小词对于长诗，在形式上有尺幅与千里之差别。
上片写歌女的演唱，相当于白诗对琵琶女演奏的叙写。“樽前一曲歌，歌里千重意”，一曲歌而能具千重意，想必亦能说尽胸中无限事；而这“无限事”又必非乐事，当是平生种种不得意之恨事。这是从后二句中“恨”“泪”等字可得而知的。首二句巧妙地运用了对仗加顶真的修辞，比较一般的“流水对”更见跌宕多姿，对于歌唱本身亦有模似效用。“才欲歌时泪已流”一句乃倒折一笔，意即“未成曲调先有情”。
“恨应更、多于泪”，又翻进一笔，突出歌中苦恨之多。白居易诗对音乐本身的高低、疾徐、滑涩、断连等等，有极为详尽的描摹形容。而此词抓住歌者形态特点层层推进，启发读者去想象那歌声的悲苦与宛转。
“试问缘何事？不语如痴醉”，对歌女的悲凄身世作了暗示，相当于琵琶女放拨沉吟、自道辛酸的大段文字。但白诗中的详尽的直白，此完全作了暗示的处理。当听者为动听的演唱感染，希望进一步了解歌者身世时，她却“不语如痴醉”。这样写大有“此时无声胜有声”之妙。
末三句写词人由此产生同情并勾起自我感伤，相当于白居易对琵琶女的自我表白。但此词却只说“我亦情多不忍闻”，好像是说：歌女不语也罢，只怕我还受不了呢。由此可知，这里亦有一种同病相怜、物伤其类的感情，因此以至于“怕和我、成憔悴”。
和白居易《琵琶行》不同的是，这首词善抒情，妙悬念的设置，化实为虚，得其空灵。同时，此词运笔颇饶顿挫，上片用递进写法，下片则一波三折，读来引人入胜。《卜算子》词调上下片的两个结句，本为五言句，此词则各加了一个衬字变成六言句（三三结构）。大凡词中加衬字者，语言都较通俗，此词亦然。
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杜安世《
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卜算子·樽前一曲歌》
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杨无咎《
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生查子·秋来愁更深》
杜安世简介
唐代·杜安世的简介
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杜安世，生卒不详，京兆（今陕西西安）人。字寿域，（一作名寿 ，字安世）陈振孙《直斋书录解题》卷二一载《杜寿域词》一卷，谓“京兆杜安世撰，未详其人，词亦不工”；列于张先后、欧阳修前。黄升《花庵词选》云：字安世，名寿域。有陆贻典校本《杜寿域词》。与《四库总目提要》卷200，谓其词“往往失之浅俗，字句尤多凑泊”。慢词作家，亦能自度新曲。《四库总目》传于世。有《寿域词》一卷。
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