虽有嘉肴
[
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两汉]：戴圣
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虽有嘉肴，弗食，不知其旨也；虽有至道，弗学，不知其善也。是故学然后知不足，教然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也；知困，然后能自强也。故曰：教学相长也。《兑命》曰：“学学半。”其此之谓乎？
古之教者，家有塾，党有庠，术有序，国有学。比年入学，中年考校。一年视离经辨志；三年视敬业乐群；五年视博习亲师；七年视论学取友，谓之小成。九年知类通达，强立而不反，谓之大成。夫然后足以化民易俗，近者说服而远者怀之，此大学之道也。《记》曰：“蛾子时术之。”其此之谓乎！
大学始教，皮弁祭菜，示敬道也。《宵雅》肄三，官其始也。入学鼓箧，孙其业也。夏楚二物，收其威也。未卜禘不视学，游其志也。时观而勿、语存其心也。幼者听而弗问，学不躐等也。此七者，教之大伦也。《记》曰：“凡学，官先事，士先志。”其此之谓乎！
大学之法：禁于未发之谓豫；当其可之谓时；不凌节而施之谓孙；相观而善之谓摩。此四者，教之所由兴也。发然后禁，则扞格而不胜；时过然后学，则勤苦而难成；杂施而不孙，则坏乱而不修；独学而无友，则孤陋而寡闻；燕朋逆其师，燕辟废其学。此六者，教之所由废也。
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王守仁《
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谪居粮绝请学于农将田南山咏言寄》
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刘过《
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书院》
戴圣简介
唐代·戴圣的简介
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戴圣（生卒年不详），字次君，祖籍梁国甾县（今河南省商丘市民权县），出生于梁国睢阳（今河南省商丘市睢阳区）。西汉时期官员、学者、礼学家、汉代今文经学的开创者。后世称其为“小戴”。戴圣与叔父戴德曾跟随后苍学《礼》，两人被后人合称为“大小戴”。汉宣帝时，戴圣以博士参与石渠阁论议，官至九江太守。著作有《礼记》，即《小戴礼记》传为圣编。《汉书》记载成书于汉建初七年（80年）。咸淳三年（1267年），宋度宗赵禥以其籍贯地诏封戴圣为“考城伯”。
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