菩萨蛮·人人尽说江南好
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唐代]:韦庄
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人人尽说江南好,游人只合江南老。春水碧于天,画船听雨眠。
垆边人似月,皓腕凝霜雪。未老莫还乡,还乡须断肠。
菩萨蛮·人人尽说江南好译文及注释
译文
人人都说江南好,游人应该在江南待到老去。春天的江水清澈碧绿比天空还青,游人可以在有彩绘的船上听着雨声入眠。
江南酒家卖酒的女子长得很美,卖酒撩袖时露出的双臂洁白如雪。年华未衰之时不要回乡,回到家乡后必定悲痛到极点。
注释
游人只合江南老:这里指飘泊江南的人,即作者自谓。只合:只应。江南好:白居易《忆江南》词首句为“江南好”。碧于天:一片碧绿,胜过天色。
垆边:指酒家。垆,旧时酒店用土砌成酒瓮卖酒的地方。《史记·司马相如列传》记载,司马相如妻卓文君长得很美,曾当垆卖酒:“买一酒舍沽就,而令文君当垆。”
皓腕凝霜雪:形容双臂洁白如雪。凝霜雪,像霜雪凝聚那样洁白。
未老莫还乡,还乡须断肠:年尚未老,且在江南行乐。如还乡离开江南,当使人悲痛不已。须:必定,肯定。
参考资料:
1、赵崇祚.花间集.武汉:武汉出版社,1995:32-34
2、王步高.唐宋诗词鉴赏.北京:北京大学出版社,2003:216-217
菩萨蛮·人人尽说江南好创作背景
根据中国古典文学专家叶嘉莹教授的研究,韦庄的《菩萨蛮五首》词中的“江南”,都是确指的江南之地,并非指蜀地。这组词创作于韦庄晚年寓居蜀地时期,是作者为回忆江南旧游而作。这组词内容与他的流浪生活密切相关。
参考资料:
1、叶嘉莹.唐宋词十七讲.北京:北京大学出版社,2007:72-88
菩萨蛮·人人尽说江南好鉴赏
这首诗是《菩萨蛮五首》中的第二首,对第一首的回应。难道主人公不愿意回到家中吗?可是自己求取功名不得,又怎能轻言回去呢?“人人尽说江南好。游人只合江南老。”写得多美!但这种美,不是靠意象的美而烘托,却是靠浓挚的情感,而且是经过理性的浸润后的浓挚的情感动人。江南之美,甲于天下,但寓居在此,逃避战乱的人,又怎么会有归属感?故这两句是沉郁的。“春水碧于天。画船听雨眠。”说的是碧绿的春水,比天空还要明净,躺在游船画舫之中,和着雨声入睡,又是何等之美,何等之空灵。前二句的沉郁,与后二句的空灵,就形成了难以言喻的艺术张力。
过片暗用卓文君之典。汉时蜀人司马相如,与巨富卓王孙之女卓文君私奔,因卓王孙宣布与文君断绝关系,司马相如就令文君当垆,自己穿着短裤,在大街上洗涤酒器。所以“炉边人似月。皓腕凝双雪”,炉就是酒垆,炉边人指的就是自己的妻子,也就是上一首中“绿窗人”。主人公何尝不思念这位面如皎月、肤色赛霜雪的妻子?但是“未老莫还乡。还乡须断肠”,古人云富贵而不还乡,就像衣锦而夜行,而一事无成的人,回到家乡,心情却只有更加抑郁哀凉。这两句没有任何艺术技巧可言,纯粹靠人生阅历和情感动人,成为千古名句。清末大词人王鹏运提出,写词要符合“重、大、拙”三字诀,这两句就是“拙”的审美境界。
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佚名《
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菩萨蛮·枕前发尽千般愿》
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顾夐《
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诉衷情·永夜抛人何处去》
韦庄简介
唐代·韦庄的简介
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韦庄(约836年─910年),字端己,杜陵(今中国陕西省西安市附近)人,诗人韦应物的四代孙,唐朝花间派词人,词风清丽,有《浣花词》流传。曾任前蜀宰相,谥文靖。
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