千秋岁·数声鶗鴂
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宋代]：张先
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数声鶗鴂，又报芳菲歇。惜春更把残红折。雨轻风色暴，梅子青时节。永丰柳，无人尽日花飞雪。
莫把幺弦拨，怨极弦能说。天不老，情难绝。心似双丝网，中有千千结。夜过也，东窗未白凝残月。(凝残月一作：孤灯灭)
千秋岁·数声鶗鴂译文及注释
译文
数声杜鹃的鸣啼，又报告烂漫春光将要凋谢。惜春人更想将那残花折。怎奈何雨虽轻柔风却猛烈，正赶上这梅子发青的暮春时节。看那永丰坊的柳树，在无人的园中整日撒飞絮如飘雪。
切莫把琵琶的细弦拨动，我深深的哀怨细弦也难倾泻。天如有情不会老，真情永不会灭绝。多情的心就像那双丝网，中间有千千万万个结。中夜已经过去了，东方未白，尚留一弯残月。
注释
千秋岁：词牌名。
鶗鴂（tíjué）：即子规、杜鹃。《离骚》："恐鶗鴂之未先鸣兮，使夫百草为之不劳。”
芳菲：花草，亦指春时光景。
永丰柳：唐时洛阳永丰坊西南角荒园中有垂柳一株被冷落，白居易赋《杨柳枝词》"永丰东角荒园里，尽日无人属阿谁。"以喻家妓小蛮。后传入乐府，因以“永丰柳”泛指园柳，喻孤寂无靠的女子。
花飞雪：指柳絮。
把：持，握。幺弦：琵琶的第四弦，各弦中最细，故称。亦泛指短弦、小弦。
凝残月：一作“孤灯灭”。
参考资料：
1、李静 等 ．唐诗宋词鉴赏大全集 ．北京 ：华文出版社 ，2009 ：221 ．
2、蘅塘退士 等 ．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首 ．北京 ：华文出版社 ，2009 ：177 ．
千秋岁·数声鶗鴂鉴赏
这首《千秋岁》写的是悲欢离合之情，声调激越，极尽曲折幽怨之能事。
上片完全运用描写景物来烘托、暗示美好爱情横遭阻抑的沉痛之情。起句把鸣声悲切的鶗鴂提出来，诏告美好的春光又过去了。源出《离骚》“恐鶗鴂之先鸣兮，使夫百草为之不芳。”从“又”字看，他们相爱已经不止一年了，可是由于遭到阻力，这伤情却和春天一样，来也匆匆，去也匆匆。惜春之情油然而生，故有“惜春更把残红折”之举动。所谓“残红”，象征着被破坏而犹坚贞的爱情。一个“折”字更能表达出对于经过风雨摧残的爱情的无比珍惜。紧接着“雨轻风色暴，梅子青时节”是上片最为重要的两句：表面上是写时令，写景物，但用的是语意双关，说的是爱情遭受破坏。“梅子黄时雨”（贺铸《青玉案》）是正常的，而梅子青时，便被无情的风暴突袭，便是灾难了。青春初恋遭此打击，情何以堪！经过这场灾难，美好的春光便又鶗鴂声中归去。被冷落的受害者这时也和柳树一样，一任爱情如柳絮一般逝去了。
换头“莫把幺弦拨，怨极弦能说”两句来得很突然。幺弦，琵琶第四弦。弦幺怨极，就必然发出倾诉不平的最强音。这种极怨的气势下，受害者接着表示其反抗的决心，“天不老，情难绝”。这两句化用李贺“天若有情天亦老”诗句而含意却不完全一样，此处强调的是天不会老，爱情也永无断绝的时候。这爱情是怎样的呢？“心似双丝网，中有千千结。”“丝”“思”，谐音双关。这个情网里，他们是通过千万个结，把彼此牢牢实实地系住，谁想破坏它都是徒劳的。这是全词“警策”之语。情思未了，不觉春宵已经过去，这时东窗未白，残月犹明。如此作结，言尽而味永。
这首词韵高而情深，含蓄又发越，可以说，兼有婉约与豪放两派之妙处。
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蒋捷《
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虞美人·听雨》
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张先《
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千秋岁·数声鶗鴂》
张先简介
唐代·张先的简介
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张先（990－1078），字子野，乌程（今浙江湖州吴兴）人。北宋时期著名的词人，曾任安陆县的知县，因此人称“张安陆”。天圣八年进士，官至尚书都官郎中。晚年退居湖杭之间。曾与梅尧臣、欧阳修、苏轼等游。善作慢词，与柳永齐名，造语工巧，曾因三处善用“影”字，世称张三影。
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