好事近·七月十三日夜登万花川谷望月作
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宋代]:杨万里
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月未到诚斋,先到万花川谷。不是诚斋无月,隔一林修竹。
如今才是十三夜,月色已如玉。未是秋光奇绝,看十五十六。
好事近·七月十三日夜登万花川谷望月作译文及注释
译文
月亮还未照到我的书斋前,先照到了万花川谷,不是书斋没有月光,而是被高高的竹林隔着。
现在才是农历七月十三的夜晚,圆月已像白玉雕成的一样。秋月还没到最美的时候,到了十五、十六日夜晚你再看,那才是最好的。
注释
好事近:词牌名。又名《钓船笛》,《张子野词》入“仙吕宫”。双调四十五字,前后片各两仄韵,以入声韵为宜。两结句皆上一、下四句法。连用多数仄声收脚而又杂有特殊句式组成的短调小令,常是显示拗峭挺劲的声情,适宜表达“孤标耸立”和激越不平的情调。
诚斋:杨万里书房的名字。
万花川谷:是离“诚斋”不远的一个花圃的名字。在吉水之东,作者居宅之上方。
修竹:长长的竹子。
奇绝:奇妙非常。
参考资料:
1、史杰鹏 .《宋词三百首正宗》.北京:华夏出版社,2014.3:298-299
好事近·七月十三日夜登万花川谷望月作创作背景
这首词作于杨万里辞官归乡以后,词前小序点明词创作时间是“七月十三日夜”,地点是作者书房旁的“万花川谷”,全词的中心是“望月”。
参考资料:
1、唐圭璋等著 . 《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》(南宋·辽·金卷).上海 :上海辞书出版社, 1988年版(2010年5月重印):第1419-1421页
好事近·七月十三日夜登万花川谷望月作鉴赏
“月未到诚斋,先到万花川谷。”开篇两句,明白如话,说皎洁的月光尚未照进他的书房,却照到了“万花山谷”。作者用“未到”和“先到”巧设悬念,引人遐想。读完这两句,人们自然地要问:既然“诚斋”与“万花川谷”相去不远,何以月光照到了“万花川谷”,作者的书房里不见月光呢?紧接着两句“不是诚斋无月,隔一林修竹。”使悬念顿解,也说明了作者为什么要离开诚斋跑到万花川谷去赏月。原来,在他的书房前面有一片茂密的竹林,遮蔽了月光。本句中的“隔”字与“修”字看似平平常常,实则耐人琢磨,有出神入化之妙。试想,竹子如果不是长得郁郁葱葱,修长挺拔,怎么会把月光“隔”断?寥寥十一字,既解开了“月未到诚斋”的疑窦,也说明了书房处于竹林深处,环境幽雅僻静。《宋史》记载,杨万里在任永州零陵县丞时,曾三次去拜访谪居永州的张浚不得见面,后来“……以书谈始相见,浚勉以正心诚意之学,万里服其教终身,乃名读书之室曰‘诚斋’。”这样,就可以想见杨万里名为“诚斋”的书房是费了一番心思,作了精心的设置和安排的。
上片通过对照描写,用“未到”和“先到”点明,此时诚斋仍处在朦胧暗影之中,而“万花川谷”已是月光朗照。下片四句,便描写“万花川谷”的月色。“如今才是十三夜,月色已如玉。”两句中只有“如玉”二字写景,这两字用巧妙的比喻,形象生动地描绘出碧空澄明、冰清玉洁的月夜景色。“才”字与“已”字相呼应,使人想到作者在“十三”的夜里欣赏到这样美妙的月景,有些喜出望外;也使人想到,尽管现在看到的月色象玉一般的晶莹光洁,令人陶醉,但“十三夜”毕竟不能算是欣赏月色的最佳时刻。那么,何时的月色最美呢?任人皆知,阴历的十五、十六日月亮最圆,是观赏月光最好的日子。这样,词的结尾两句,也就很自然地推出一个新的境界:“未是秋光奇绝,看十五十六。”“未是”二字压倒前句描写的美妙如玉,剔透晶莹的境界,推出一个“秋光奇绝”的新天地,指出即将来临的十五十六才是赏月的最佳时刻。尾二句笔墨看似平淡,却表现出一个不同凡响的艺术境界,说明作者对未来、对美有着强烈的憧憬和追求。
杨万里在文学史上被称为南宋“中兴四大诗人”之一,“杨诚斋体”在当时也颇有影响。本词语言平易自然,意境新鲜,生活气息浓郁,说明他的词风一如他的诗风。
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杨万里简介
唐代·杨万里的简介
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杨万里,字廷秀,号诚斋,男,汉族。吉州吉水(今江西省吉水县)人。南宋杰出诗人,与尤袤、范成大、陆游合称南宋“中兴四大诗人”、“南宋四大家”。
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