减字木兰花·竞渡
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宋代]：黄裳
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红旗高举，飞出深深杨柳渚。鼓击春雷，直破烟波远远回。
欢声震地，惊退万人争战气。金碧楼西，衔得锦标第一归。
减字木兰花·竞渡译文及注释
译文
竞渡的龙舟高高地挂起一面面红旗，从柳阴深处的水洲出击。鼓声像春天的雷电，冲破烟雾，劈开波涛，直奔远处夺标目的地。
围观人群的欢呼声震天动地，有惊退万人争战的豪气。在金碧辉煌的小阁楼西，夺得锦标的龙舟获得第一名回来了。
注释
减字木兰花：词牌名，简称《减兰》。《张子野词》入“林钟商”，《乐章集》入“仙吕调”。双调四十四字，即就《木兰花》的前后片第一、三句减三字，改为平仄韵互换格，每片两仄韵转两平韵。
竞渡（dù）：划船比赛。每年端午节（农历五月初五）为表达对伟大的爱国诗人屈原的尊敬和怀念，在民间形成的一种传统风俗。
红旗高举：高高举起红旗。
渚（zhǔ）：水中间的小洲。
春雷：形容鼓声像春雷一样响个不停。
远远回：形容龙舟的速度之快。
惊退万人争战气：龙舟竞争之激烈气势，就像打仗一样，把观众都惊呆了。
金碧楼西：领奖处装饰得金碧辉煌。
衔（xián）得：夺得。
锦标：古时的锦标，也就是一面彩缎的奖旗，一般都悬挂在终点岸边的一根竹竿上，从龙舟上就可以摘取到。
参考资料：
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》（南宋·辽·金卷）.上海辞书出版社，1988年版，第2638页
2、曾强．唐宋诗词名篇 诠注详析 插图本：云南人民出版社，2010.06：第179页
3、夏于全．中国历代诗歌经典 唐诗·宋词·元曲 宋词卷（下卷）（绣像版）：内蒙古人民出版社，2002年07月第1版：第214页
4、伍心铭．宋词三百首鉴赏：时事出版社，2004年12月第1版：第123页
减字木兰花·竞渡创作背景
北宋词人黄裳在端午时节看到了划船健儿竞渡夺标热烈的场面，触发了词人的诗兴，于是写下这首词来赞扬了划船健儿们勇往直前的英雄气概。
参考资料：
1、夏于全．中国历代诗歌经典 唐诗·宋词·元曲 宋词卷（下卷）（绣像版）：内蒙古人民出版社，2002年07月第1版：第214页
减字木兰花·竞渡鉴赏
上阕首句“红旗高举，飞出深深杨柳渚”，以“高举”、“飞出”两个动态的词语，写出龙舟赛开场的景象，开篇就将紧张激烈的比赛气氛渲染出来。“鼓击春雷，直破烟波远远回”这一句，写各条龙舟上的人擂鼓欢呼，声抵云霄，如同轰响的“春雷”，震人心魄。这些鼓声使划船人士气高涨，他们将小舟划得飞快，使它“直破烟波”，像离弦的箭一般前进。“远远回”是指龙舟到达远处再折回来。上阕两句，犹如一个紧追龙舟的特写镜头，将龙舟从出发到加速，再到折回的过程详细地记录下来，其问数艘船争渡的激烈气氛，以及船上人高涨的气势，无不清晰呈现。
下阕转而写周围的人群：“欢声震地，惊退万人争战气。”“震”字准确重现了万人雷动的场景，可见此时已有龙舟胜利抵达终点，因此围观的人群爆发出了震天动地的欢呼。“惊退”的主语并非围观者，而是参加比赛的人，他们争相竞渡的豪气，能“惊退”万人，以豪语写豪情，相得益彰。“金碧楼西，衔得锦标第一归。‘衔”字的运用，将龙舟夺胜的姿态写活了。“金碧楼”与前面的“红旗”、“杨柳”、“烟波”一起，在视觉上丰富了整个场面。“第一归”呼应了“竞渡”的主题，对首句的“飞出深深杨柳渚”进行了完美的收结。
此词采取白描手法，注意通过色彩、声音来刻画竟渡夺标的热烈紧张气氛。同时，词还反映了人们热烈紧张的精神状态。龙舟飞驶，鼓击春雷，这是写参与竞渡者的紧张行动和英雄气概。欢声震地，是写群众的热烈情绪。衔标而归，是写胜利健儿充满喜悦的形象与心情。如此一来真实地再现了当日龙舟竞渡、观者如云的情景。
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李白《
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三五七言》
黄裳简介
唐代·黄裳的简介
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黄裳（1044-1130），字勉仲，延平（今福建南平）人。元丰五年（1082）进士第一，累官至端明殿学士。卒赠少傅。著有《演山先生文集》、《演山词》。黄裳是北宋著名文学家和词人，其词语言明艳，如春水碧玉，令人心醉，著有《演山先生文集》、《演山词》，词作以《减字木兰花》最为著名，流传甚广。
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