减字木兰花·竞渡
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宋代]:黄裳
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红旗高举,飞出深深杨柳渚。鼓击春雷,直破烟波远远回。
欢声震地,惊退万人争战气。金碧楼西,衔得锦标第一归。
减字木兰花·竞渡译文及注释
译文
竞渡的龙舟高高地挂起一面面红旗,从柳阴深处的水洲出击。鼓声像春天的雷电,冲破烟雾,劈开波涛,直奔远处夺标目的地。
围观人群的欢呼声震天动地,有惊退万人争战的豪气。在金碧辉煌的小阁楼西,夺得锦标的龙舟获得第一名回来了。
注释
减字木兰花:词牌名,简称《减兰》。《张子野词》入“林钟商”,《乐章集》入“仙吕调”。双调四十四字,即就《木兰花》的前后片第一、三句减三字,改为平仄韵互换格,每片两仄韵转两平韵。
竞渡(dù):划船比赛。每年端午节(农历五月初五)为表达对伟大的爱国诗人屈原的尊敬和怀念,在民间形成的一种传统风俗。
红旗高举:高高举起红旗。
渚(zhǔ):水中间的小洲。
春雷:形容鼓声像春雷一样响个不停。
远远回:形容龙舟的速度之快。
惊退万人争战气:龙舟竞争之激烈气势,就像打仗一样,把观众都惊呆了。
金碧楼西:领奖处装饰得金碧辉煌。
衔(xián)得:夺得。
锦标:古时的锦标,也就是一面彩缎的奖旗,一般都悬挂在终点岸边的一根竹竿上,从龙舟上就可以摘取到。
参考资料:
1、《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》(南宋·辽·金卷).上海辞书出版社,1988年版,第2638页
2、曾强.唐宋诗词名篇 诠注详析 插图本:云南人民出版社,2010.06:第179页
3、夏于全.中国历代诗歌经典 唐诗·宋词·元曲 宋词卷(下卷)(绣像版):内蒙古人民出版社,2002年07月第1版:第214页
4、伍心铭.宋词三百首鉴赏:时事出版社,2004年12月第1版:第123页
减字木兰花·竞渡创作背景
北宋词人黄裳在端午时节看到了划船健儿竞渡夺标热烈的场面,触发了词人的诗兴,于是写下这首词来赞扬了划船健儿们勇往直前的英雄气概。
参考资料:
1、夏于全.中国历代诗歌经典 唐诗·宋词·元曲 宋词卷(下卷)(绣像版):内蒙古人民出版社,2002年07月第1版:第214页
减字木兰花·竞渡鉴赏
上阕首句“红旗高举,飞出深深杨柳渚”,以“高举”、“飞出”两个动态的词语,写出龙舟赛开场的景象,开篇就将紧张激烈的比赛气氛渲染出来。“鼓击春雷,直破烟波远远回”这一句,写各条龙舟上的人擂鼓欢呼,声抵云霄,如同轰响的“春雷”,震人心魄。这些鼓声使划船人士气高涨,他们将小舟划得飞快,使它“直破烟波”,像离弦的箭一般前进。“远远回”是指龙舟到达远处再折回来。上阕两句,犹如一个紧追龙舟的特写镜头,将龙舟从出发到加速,再到折回的过程详细地记录下来,其问数艘船争渡的激烈气氛,以及船上人高涨的气势,无不清晰呈现。
下阕转而写周围的人群:“欢声震地,惊退万人争战气。”“震”字准确重现了万人雷动的场景,可见此时已有龙舟胜利抵达终点,因此围观的人群爆发出了震天动地的欢呼。“惊退”的主语并非围观者,而是参加比赛的人,他们争相竞渡的豪气,能“惊退”万人,以豪语写豪情,相得益彰。“金碧楼西,衔得锦标第一归。‘衔”字的运用,将龙舟夺胜的姿态写活了。“金碧楼”与前面的“红旗”、“杨柳”、“烟波”一起,在视觉上丰富了整个场面。“第一归”呼应了“竞渡”的主题,对首句的“飞出深深杨柳渚”进行了完美的收结。
此词采取白描手法,注意通过色彩、声音来刻画竟渡夺标的热烈紧张气氛。同时,词还反映了人们热烈紧张的精神状态。龙舟飞驶,鼓击春雷,这是写参与竞渡者的紧张行动和英雄气概。欢声震地,是写群众的热烈情绪。衔标而归,是写胜利健儿充满喜悦的形象与心情。如此一来真实地再现了当日龙舟竞渡、观者如云的情景。
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李白《
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三五七言》
黄裳简介
唐代·黄裳的简介
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黄裳(1044-1130),字勉仲,延平(今福建南平)人。元丰五年(1082)进士第一,累官至端明殿学士。卒赠少傅。著有《演山先生文集》、《演山词》。黄裳是北宋著名文学家和词人,其词语言明艳,如春水碧玉,令人心醉,著有《演山先生文集》、《演山词》,词作以《减字木兰花》最为著名,流传甚广。
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