踏莎行·自沔东来丁未元日至金陵江上感梦而作
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宋代]:姜夔
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燕燕轻盈,莺莺娇软,分明又向华胥见。夜长争得薄情知?春初早被相思染。
别后书辞,别时针线,离魂暗逐郎行远。淮南皓月冷千山,冥冥归去无人管。
踏莎行·自沔东来丁未元日至金陵江上感梦而作译文及注释
译文
她体态轻盈、语声娇软的形象,我分明又从好梦中见到了。我仿佛听到她在对我说:长夜多寂寞呀,你这薄情郎怎么会知道呢?春天才刚开头,却早已被我的相思情怀染遍了。
自从分别以后,她捎来书信中所说的种种,还有临别时为我刺绣、缝纫的针线活,都令我思念不已。她来到我的梦中,就像是传奇故事中的倩娘,魂魄离了躯体,暗地里跟随着情郎远行。我西望淮南,在一片洁白明亮的月光下,千山是那么的清冷。想必她的魂魄,也像西斜的月亮,在冥冥之中独自归去。也没有个人照管。
注释
踏莎行:词牌名。又名《柳长春》《喜朝天》等。双调五十八字,仄韵。又有《转调踏莎行》,双调六十四字或六十六字,仄韵。
沔(miǎn)东:唐、宋州名,今湖北汉阳(属武汉市),姜夔早岁流寓此地。丁未元日:孝宗淳熙十四年(1187年)元旦。
燕燕、莺莺:借指伊人。苏轼《张子野八十五岁闻买妾述古令作诗》:“诗人老去莺莺在,公子归来燕燕忙。”
华胥(xū):梦境。
郎行:情郎那边。
淮南:指合肥。
冥冥(míng):自然界的幽暗深远。
参考资料:
1、唐圭璋.唐宋词鉴赏辞典(南宋·辽·金):上海辞书出版社,2001:1713
2、蔡义江 等.宋词三百首全解:复旦大学出版社,2007:219-220
踏莎行·自沔东来丁未元日至金陵江上感梦而作创作背景
作者二十多岁时在合肥(宋时属淮南路)结识了某位女郎,后来分手了,但他对她一直眷念不已。淳熙十四年(1187年)元旦,姜夔从第二故乡汉阳(宋时沔州)东去湖州途中抵金陵时,梦见了远别的恋人,写下此词。
参考资料:
1、唐圭璋.唐宋词鉴赏辞典(南宋·辽·金):上海辞书出版社,2001:1713
踏莎行·自沔东来丁未元日至金陵江上感梦而作鉴赏
这首词一开始即借“莺莺燕燕”字面称意中人,从称呼中流露出一种卿卿我我的缠绵情意。这里还有第二重含义,即比喻其人体态“轻盈”如燕,声音“娇软”如莺。可谓善于化用。这“燕燕轻盈,莺莺娇软”乃是词人梦中所见的情境。《列子》载黄帝曾梦游华青氏之国,故词写好梦云“分明又向华胥见”。夜有所梦,乃是日有所思的缘故。以下又通过梦中情人的自述,体贴对方的相思之情。她含情脉脉道:在这迢迢春夜中,“薄情”人(此为呢称)啊,你又怎能尽知我相思的深重呢?言下大有“换我心,为你心,始知相忆深”的意味。
过片写别后睹物思人,旧情难忘。“别后书辞”,是指情人寄来的书信,捡阅犹新;“别时针线”,是指情人为自己所做衣眼,尚著在体。二句虽仅写出物件,而不直接言情,然皆情至之语。紧接着承上片梦见事,进一层写伊人之情。“离魂暗逐郎行远”,“郎行”即“郎边”,当时熟语,说她甚至连魂魄也脱离躯体,追逐词人来到远方。末二句写作者梦醒后深情想象情人魂魄归去的情景:在一片明月光下,淮南千山是如此清冷,她就这样独自归去无人照管。一种借玉怜香之情,一种深切的负疚之感,洋溢于字里行间,感人至深。
这首词紧扣感梦之主题,以梦见情人开端,又以情人梦魂归去收尾,意境极浑成。词的后半部分,尤见幽绝奇绝。在构思上借鉴了唐传奇《离魂记》,记中倩娘居然能以出窍之灵魂追逐所爱者远游,着想奇妙。在意境与措语上,则又融合了杜诗《梦李白》“魂来枫林青,魂返关塞黑”、《咏怀古迹》“画图省识春风面,环佩空归月夜魂”句意。妙在自然浑融,不著痕迹。
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姜夔《
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踏莎行·自沔东来丁未元日至金陵》
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贺铸《
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思越人·紫府东风放夜时》
姜夔简介
唐代·姜夔的简介
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姜夔,南宋文学家、音乐家。人品秀拔,体态清莹,气貌若不胜衣,望之若神仙中人。往来鄂、赣、皖、苏、浙间,与诗人词家杨万里、范成大、辛弃疾等交游。庆元中,曾上书乞正太常雅乐,他少年孤贫,屡试不第,终生未仕,一生转徙江湖,靠卖字和朋友接济为生。他多才多艺,精通音律,能自度曲,其词格律严密。其作品素以空灵含蓄著称,有《白石道人歌曲》等。姜夔对诗词、散文、书法、音乐,无不精善,是继苏轼之后又一难得的艺术全才。
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