永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古
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宋代]:辛弃疾
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千古江山,英雄无觅,孙仲谋处。舞榭歌台,风流总被雨打风吹去。斜阳草树,寻常巷陌,人道寄奴曾住。想当年,金戈铁马,气吞万里如虎。
元嘉草草,封狼居胥,赢得仓皇北顾。四十三年,望中犹记,烽火扬州路。可堪回首,佛狸祠下,一片神鸦社鼓。凭谁问,廉颇老矣,尚能饭否?
永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古译文及注释
译文
历经千古的江山,再也难找到像孙权那样的英雄。当年的舞榭歌台还在,英雄人物却随着岁月的流逝早已不复存在。斜阳照着长满草树的普通小巷,人们说那是当年刘裕曾经住过的地方。回想当年,他领军北伐、收复失地的时候是何等威猛!
然而刘裕的儿子刘义隆好大喜功,仓促北伐,却反而让北魏太武帝拓跋焘乘机挥师南下,兵抵长江北岸而返,遭到对手的重创。我回到南方已经有四十三年了,看着原仍然记得扬州一带烽火连天的战乱场景。怎么能回首啊,当年拓跋焘的行宫外竟有百姓在那里祭祀,乌鸦啄食祭品,人们过着社日,只把他当作一位神祇来供奉,而不知道这里曾是一个皇帝的行宫。还有谁会问,廉颇老了,饭量还好吗?
韵译
江山如画、历经千年仍如故,但是找不到东吴英雄孙权在此的定都处。昔日的舞榭歌台、显赫人物,都被风吹雨打化为土。斜阳照着草和树,普通的街巷和小路,人们说,武帝刘裕曾在这个地方住。想当年,他骑战马披铁甲,刀枪空中舞,气吞万里如猛虎。
宋文帝草率用兵学黩(dú)武,效法汉将伐匈奴,没能够封山纪功狼居胥,却要仓皇向南逃,时时回头向北顾。我登上山亭望江北,还记得四十三年前的旧事一幕幕:烽火连天鏖(áo)战苦,扬州一带遭荼(tú)毒。往事怎忍再回顾?拓跋焘(tào)祠堂香火盛,乌鸦啄祭品,祭祀擂大鼓。谁能派人来探问:廉颇将军虽年老,还能吃饭吗?
注释
京口:古城名,即今江苏镇江。因临京岘山、长江口而得名。
孙仲谋:三国时的吴王孙权,字仲谋,曾建都京口。孙权(182年——252年),字仲谋。东吴大帝,三国时期吴国的开国皇帝。吴郡富春县(今浙江富阳)人。生于公元182年(光和五年),卒于公元252年(太元二年)。长沙太守孙坚次子,幼年跟随兄长吴侯孙策平定江东,公元200年孙策早逝。孙权继位为江东之主。
寄奴:南朝宋武帝刘裕小名。 刘裕(363年4月——422年6月),字德舆,小名寄奴,汉族,先祖是彭城人(今江苏徐州市),后来迁居到京口(江苏镇江市),南北朝时期宋朝的建立者,史称宋武帝。中国历史上杰出的政治家、卓越的军事家、统帅。
“想当年”三句:刘裕曾两次领兵北伐,收复洛阳、长安等地。
元嘉:刘裕子刘义隆年号。草草:轻率。封狼居胥:公元前119年(汉武帝元狩四年)霍去病远征匈奴,歼敌七万余,封狼居胥山而还。狼居胥山,在今蒙古境内。
赢得:剩得,落得。
烽火扬州路:指当年扬州路上,到处是金兵南侵的战火烽烟。
“四十三年”句:作者于1162年(宋高宗绍兴三十二年)南归,到写该词时正好为四十三年。
佛(bì)狸祠:北魏太武帝拓跋焘小名佛狸。公元450年,他曾反击刘宋,两个月的时间里,兵锋南下,五路远征军分道并进,从黄河北岸一路穿插到长江北岸。在长江北岸瓜步山建立行宫,即后来的佛狸祠。
神鸦:指在庙里吃祭品的乌鸦。社鼓:祭祀时的鼓声。
廉颇:战国时赵国名将。
参考资料:
1、历鹗(词整理)、赵彦(赏析整理) .辛弃疾词赏析全集 :接力出版社 ,2008年 :201-204 .
永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古创作背景
《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》写于宋宁宗开禧元年(1205年) ,辛弃疾六十六岁。当时韩侂胄执政,正积极筹划北伐,闲置已久的辛弃疾于前一年被起用为浙东安抚使。辛弃疾的意见没有引起南宋当权者的重视。一次他来到京口北固亭,感慨万千,于是写下了这首词中佳作。
参考资料:
1、历鹗(词整理)、赵彦(赏析整理) .辛弃疾词赏析全集 :接力出版社 ,2008年 :201-204
永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古鉴赏
辛弃疾调任镇江知府以后,登临北固亭,感叹报国无门的失望,凭高望远,抚今追昔,于是写下了这篇传唱千古之作。这首词用典精当,有怀古、忧世、抒志的多重主题。江山千古,欲觅当年英雄而不得,起调不凡。开篇借景抒情,由眼前所见而联想到两位著名历史人物——孙权和刘裕,对他们的英雄业绩表示向往。接下来讽刺当朝用事者韩侂胄(侂:tuō,胄:zhòu),又像刘义隆一样草率,欲挥师北伐,令人忧虑。老之将至而朝廷不会再用自己,不禁仰天叹息。其中“佛狸祠下,一片神鸦社鼓”写北方已非宋朝国土的感慨,最为沉痛。
词的上片怀念孙权、刘裕。孙权割据东南,击退曹军;刘裕金戈铁马,战功赫赫,收复失地。不仅表达了对历史人物的赞扬,也表达了对主战派的期望和对南宋朝廷苟安求和者的讽刺和谴责。
下片引用南朝刘义隆草率北伐,招致大败的历史事实,忠告韩侂胄要吸取历史教训,不要鲁莽从事,接着用四十三年来抗金形势的变化,表示词人收复中原的决心不变,结尾三句,借廉颇自比,表示出词人报效国家的强烈愿望和对宋室不能进用人才的慨叹。
全词豪壮悲凉,义重情深,放射着爱国主义的思想光辉。词中用典贴切自然,紧扣题旨,增强了作品的说服力和意境美。明代杨慎在《词品》中说:“辛词当以京口北固亭怀古《永遇乐》为第一。”这种评价是中肯的。
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辛弃疾《
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永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》
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张孝祥《
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水调歌头·和庞佑父》
辛弃疾简介
唐代·辛弃疾的简介
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辛弃疾(1140-1207),南宋词人。原字坦夫,改字幼安,别号稼轩,汉族,历城(今山东济南)人。出生时,中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军,不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》,条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情,倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤,对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责;也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词,风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合,后被弹劾落职,退隐江西带湖。
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胡奎
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孙膑古名将,庞涓俱学兵。刖足见齐使,始识田将军。
指麾辎车中,号令若风霆。引兵走大梁,遂解邯郸城。
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宁皇御舟
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宋代:
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黄洪
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龙舟大半没西湖,此是先皇节俭图。三十六年安静里,棹歌一曲在康衢。
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社日两篇 其一
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唐代:
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杜甫
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九农成德业,百祀发光辉。报效神如在,馨香旧不违。
南翁巴曲醉,北雁塞声微。尚想东方朔,诙谐割肉归。
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铜雀瓦砚歌一首谢林法曹
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宋代:
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刘克庄
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凉州贼烧洛阳宫,黄屋迁播侨邺中。兵驱椒房出复壁,帝不能救忧及躬。
台下役夫皆菜色,台上美人如花红。九州战血丹野草,不闻鬼哭闻歌钟。