浣溪沙·髻子伤春慵更梳
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宋代]：李清照
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髻子伤春慵更梳。晚风庭院落梅初。淡云来往月疏疏。
玉鸭熏炉闲瑞脑，朱樱斗帐掩流苏。通犀还解辟寒无。
浣溪沙·髻子伤春慵更梳鉴赏
这是一首反映贵族女子伤春情态的小调。运用正面描写、反面衬托的手法，着意刻划出一颗孤寂的心。
上片首句写人，“髻子伤春慵更梳”似是述事，其实却是极重要的一句心态描写：闺中女子被满怀春愁折磨得无情无绪，只随意地挽起发髻懒得精心着意去梳理。接下来两句是写景，前句“晚风庭院落梅初”中的“初”字用得极工巧，它使得写景之中又点出了季节时间：习习晚风吹入庭院，正是春寒料峭经冬的寒梅已由盛开到飘零之时。春愁本就撩人，何况又见花落！后句“淡云来往月疏疏”写淡淡的浮云在空中飘来飘去，天边的月亮也显得朦胧遥远。以“疏疏”状月，除了给月儿加上月色朦胧、月光疏冷之外，仿佛那还是一弯残月，它与“淡云”、“晚风”、“落梅”前后相衬，构成了幽静中散发着凄清的景象，完全和首句渲染的心境相吻合。上片运用了由人及物、由近及远、情景相因的写法，深刻生动。
下片通过富贵华侈生活的描写，含蓄地反衬伤春女子内心的凄楚。前两句写室内陈设极尽华美“玉鸭熏炉闲瑞脑，朱樱斗帐掩流苏”：镶嵌着美玉的鸭形熏炉中，还闲置着珍贵的龙脑香，懒得去点燃熏香；织有朱红的樱桃花色的、覆盖如斗形的小帐低垂，上面装饰着五色纷披的丝穗。这里主要写室内的静物，但也有心情的透露，如“玉鸭熏炉闲瑞脑”中的一个“闲”字，不就闪现出女主人公因愁苦无绪，连心爱的龙脑香味也懒得闻嗅了吗！结尾是一个问句“通犀还解避寒无”，句中的“通犀”指能避寒气的犀角，名“辟寒犀”，据唐·王仁裕《开元天宝遗事》记载：“开元二年冬，交趾国进犀一株，色黄如金。使者请以金盘置于殿中，温然有暖气袭人”，该句意思是说：试问这只金灿灿的辟寒犀角，现在还会不会再把温暖宜人的气味释放出来？句中“还解”的一个“还”字点出了这样的内容：往昔之时，这只犀角曾尽心尽意地为男女主人布温驱寒；而今伊人远去，天各一方，犀角有情也应感伤，你到底还知道抑或忘记了为孤独的女主人避寒的使命呢？词人假借向犀角的设问，进一步刻划词中人触物伤情多愁善感的性格，也使句意曲折婉转、摇曳生姿，好似在微波细纹的水面上，又激打起一圈向周边渐渐扩展的涟漪。
该篇在写作技巧上的特点，值得加以强调的当推：炼字维妙，不着雕痕；未画愁容，愁态毕现。
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周端臣《
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秦观《
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李清照简介
唐代·李清照的简介
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李清照（1084年3月13日～1155年5月12日）号易安居士，汉族，山东省济南章丘人。宋代（南北宋之交）女词人，婉约词派代表，有“千古第一才女”之称。所作词，前期多写其悠闲生活，后期多悲叹身世，情调感伤。形式上善用白描手法，自辟途径，语言清丽。论词强调协律，崇尚典雅，提出词“别是一家”之说，反对以作诗文之法作词。能诗，留存不多，部分篇章感时咏史，情辞慷慨，与其词风不同。有《易安居士文集》《易安词》，已散佚。后人有《漱玉词》辑本。今有《李清照集校注》。
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