御街行·秋日怀旧
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宋代]：范仲淹
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纷纷坠叶飘香砌。夜寂静，寒声碎。真珠帘卷玉楼空，天淡银河垂地。年年今夜，月华如练，长是人千里。
愁肠已断无由醉，酒未到，先成泪。残灯明灭枕头欹，谙尽孤眠滋味。都来此事，眉间心上，无计相回避。
御街行·秋日怀旧译文及注释
译文
纷纷杂杂的树叶飘落在透着清香的石阶上，当次夜深人静之时，那悉悉索索的落叶声更增添了秋天的凉意。卷起珍珠串成的锦帘，华丽的楼阁上空空荡荡，只见到高天淡淡，银河的尽头像垂到大地。年年今天的夜里，都能见到那素绡般的皎月，而年年今天的夜里，心上人都远在千里之外。
愁肠已经寸断，想要借酒浇愁，也难以使自己沉醉。酒还没有入口，却先化作了辛酸的眼泪。夜已深，灯已残，灯火明灭之间，只好斜靠枕头，聊作睡去，这无休无止的孤栖，真让人尝尽了孤独相似的滋味。算来这苦苦的等待尚遥遥无期，虽说是终日眉头紧锁，心绪万千，也没有一点办法可以解脱回避。
注释
香砌：有落花的台阶。
寒声碎：寒风吹动落叶发出的轻微细碎的声音。
真珠：珍珠。
天淡：天空清澈无云。
月华：月光。
练：白色的丝绸。
无由：无法。
明灭：忽明忽暗。
欹（qī）：倾斜，斜靠。
谙（ān）尽：尝尽。
都来：算来。
参考资料：
1、程帆．《唐诗宋词鉴赏辞典》．长沙：湖南教育出版社，2011：306
2、李霁野．《唐宋词启蒙》．北京：开明出版社，1993：50
3、吴兆基．《宋词三百首》．武汉：长江出版社，2010：7
4、傅德岷，卢晋．《宋词三百首鉴赏辞典》．武汉：长江出版社，2010：11
5、李之亮．《白话宋词三百首》．长沙：岳麓书社，2005：7
御街行·秋日怀旧创作背景
此词具体的创作时间已无从考证，关于此词的创作意图，历来说法各异：唐圭璋认为此词是作者因久久客居他乡的愁苦触景生情而作。靳极苍认为此词是“思君之作”，“作者在外任时还念朝廷无人，君王无佐，忧心如焚，因此创作此词来抒发情感”。汪中认为此词是“为思念室家之作”。
参考资料：
1、贾传棠．《中国古代文学作品多解大辞典》．郑州：中州古籍出版社，1997
御街行·秋日怀旧鉴赏
此词是一首怀人之作，其间洋溢着一片柔情。上片描绘秋夜寒寂的景象，下片抒写孤眠愁思的情怀，由景入情，情景交融。
写秋夜景象，作者只抓住秋声和秋色，便很自然地引出秋思。一叶落知天下秋，到了秋天，树叶大都变黄飘落。树叶纷纷飘坠香砌之上，不言秋而知秋。夜，是秋夜。夜寂静，并非说一片阒寂，声还是有的，但是寒声，即秋声。这声音不树间，却来自树间，原来是树上飘来的黄叶坠阶上，沙沙作响。
这里写“纷纷坠叶”，主要是诉诸听觉，借耳朵所听到的沙沙声响，感知到叶坠香阶的。“寒声碎”这三个字，不仅明说这细碎的声响就是坠叶的声音，而且点出这声响是带着寒意的秋声。由沙沙响而感知落叶声，由落叶而感知秋时之声，由秋声而感知寒意。这个“寒”字下得极妙，既是秋寒节候的感受，又是孤寒处境的感受，兼写物境与心境。
“真珠帘卷玉楼空”，空寂的高楼之上，卷起珠帘，观看夜色。这段玉楼观月的描写，感情细腻，色泽绮丽，有花间词人的遗风，更有一股清刚之气。
这里写玉楼之上，将珠帘高高卷起，环视天宇，显得奔放。“天淡银河垂地”，评点家视为佳句，皆因这六个字勾画出秋夜空旷的天宇，实不减杜甫“星垂平野阔”之气势。因为千里共月，最易引起相思之情，以月写相思便成为古诗词常用之意境。“年年今夜，月华如练，长是人千里”，写的也是这种意境，其声情顿挫，骨力遒劲。珠帘、银河、月色都写得奔放雄壮，深沉激越。
下片以一个“愁”字写酌酒垂泪的愁意，挑灯倚枕的愁态，攒眉揪心的愁容，形态毕肖。古来借酒解忧解愁成了诗词中常咏的题材。范仲淹写酒化为泪，不仅反用其意，而且翻进一层，别出心裁，自出新意。他《苏幕遮》中就说：“酒入愁肠，化作相思泪。”这首词里说：“愁肠已断无由醉，酒未到，先成泪。”肠已愁断，酒无由入，虽未到愁肠，已先化泪。比起入肠化泪，又添一折，又进一层，愁更难堪，情更凄切。
自《诗经·关雎》“悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧”出，古诗词便多以卧不安席来表现愁态。范仲淹这里说“残灯明灭枕头欹”，室外月明如昼，室内昏灯如灭，两相映照，自有一种凄然的气氛。枕头欹斜，写出了愁人倚枕对灯寂然凝思神态，这神态比起辗转反侧，更加形象，更加生动。“谙尽孤眠滋味。”由于有前句铺垫，这句独白也十分入情，很富于感人力量。“都来此事”，算来这怀旧之事，是无法回避的，不是心头萦绕，就是眉头攒聚。愁，内为愁肠愁心，外为愁眉愁脸。古人写愁情，设想愁象人体中的“气”，气能行于体内体外，故或写愁由心间转移到眉上，或写由眉间转移到心上。范仲淹这首词则说“眉间心上，无计相回避。”两者兼而有之，比较全面，不失为入情入理的佳句。
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姜夔《
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鹧鸪天·元夕有所梦》
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刘克庄《
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昭君怨·牡丹》
范仲淹简介
唐代·范仲淹的简介
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范仲淹（989－1052年），字希文，汉族，北宋著名的政治家、思想家、军事家、文学家，世称“范文正公”。范仲淹文学素养很高，写有著名的《岳阳楼记》。
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侧身抱遗文，坦步循古道。诲人老不倦，孜孜勿辞耄。
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寓淮北行府呈公相
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明代：
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唐之淳
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府第雄深出圣裁，濠城北面接鱼台。恩波正比淮流远，瑞霭多从禁国来。
周室藩邦基百世，汉家戚里近三台。金鱼玉带亲调膳，日对南山举寿杯。
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李中令挽词二首 其一
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宋代：
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宋祁
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家赐齐侯履，人推郤縠文。结婚荣外馆，谋帅得中军。
盛集追园盖，遒章托陇云。不图新渚畔，更作死生分。