杨柳枝
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唐代]：温庭筠
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景阳楼畔千条路，一面新妆待晓风。
杨柳枝译文及注释
译文
皇宫翠柳绿千般，映照着九重宫殿。雕有凤凰的花窗与绣有荷花的窗帘相映生辉。
宫内楼边的条条道路上，柳枝干丝万缕，一抹青色，好像美丽的宫女们新妆一样清丽，迎接着晨风的吹拂。
注释
御柳：宫禁中柳。
九重：九层；九道。亦泛指多层。古制，天子之居有门九重，故称九重宫，特指皇宫。《楚辞·九辩》：“岂不郁陶而思君兮，君之门以九重。”
芙蓉：荷花。《古诗十九首》：“涉江采芙蓉，兰泽多芳草。”
景阳楼：宫内钟楼。据《南齐书》载，齐武帝以宫内深隐，不闻端门鼓漏声，置钟于景阳楼上，宫人闻钟声早起妆饰。
一面新妆：清一色的新妆。谓柳树清新若美人之新妆也。贺知章《咏柳》：“碧玉妆成一树高。”可互参。
参考资料：
1、于立文主编．四库全书 11 集部：北京艺术与科学电子出版社，2007.04：87
杨柳枝鉴赏
此篇咏皇宫中柳，以宫女媲美。作品笔法非常独特，首句交代御柳的整体形象。次句则转入对后宫窗户、帘帐的描写，重点偏向宫女风情的展示。三、四句既可指晨柳清丽之美，也可喻指宫女早起妆饰。这样的写法一石二鸟，产生了双层意蕴表达的效果，饶有含蓄蕴藉之美。短短四句，开阖有致。
首起句，直人本题。以“御柳”二字，点明所咏对象。这是咏皇宫柳。再以“如丝”二字，表现柳条柔细轻盈，纷披下垂，如同丝线一样。虽然只两个字，就写出了柳的具体、真实、可感的形象。据史传记，南朝齐吴郡人张绪，美风姿，吐纳风流。而齐武帝就曾以“条甚长，状如丝缕”之宫柳，与张绪风流媲美，日：“此杨柳风流可爱，似张绪当年时。”（《南史·张绪传》）所以，“如丝”的杨柳：最能显出其事物本身的魅力和感染力。“如丝”与“御柳”紧紧相接，盖蕴含宫柳如文采之人那般可爱，温词化用典故，往往不着痕迹。“映九重”三字，勾勒御柳拂映皇宫的典型景象，格外显豁。这宫柳，与普通柳所不同之处，即在于以柔细清丽之姿影，与富丽堂皇的“九重”宫殿相映。这“九重”的意象，又给人以巍峨的联想。那么，杨柳越长得高，就要越垂得低，千万条细柳丝丝飘垂，如绿色帘幕、绿色瀑布，更能传“御柳如丝”之神采。
次句是承，以“凤凰窗映绣芙蓉”，宫中富丽艳美之物，衬托御柳的风姿，补充说明首句。此一句，极美的意象！雕饰凤凰的花窗与镶绣芙蓉花的绣帘，染着“九重”宫室的奢华，并透出鲜艳的色彩；它们与绿柳相映，愈显出柳丝的俏丽美好。所以，前辈谓：“凤凰窗”与“绣芙蓉”，“皆因柳而生色。”（华钟彦《花间集注》卷一）
第三句又起新意。转向对景阳楼畔柳的描写。景阳楼，是宫内钟楼。据《南齐书·武穆裴皇后传》载，齐武帝置钟于景阳楼上，宫女闻钟，早起梳妆。所以，“景阳楼”三字，引出美丽的宫女来。千条路，即路千条。是说景阳楼畔路边柳色葱茏，柳丝千条万条，迎风婀娜，情意依依。这里，千条杨柳，与景阳宫美女，已暗自相映。
末句以“一面新妆”，呼应“千条路”作结。这“新妆”二字，即将杨柳化身为美人，如：“碧玉妆成一树高”（贺知章（咏柳》），那清风细柳丝丝荡碧的形象，好像美丽的宫女新妆一样，婷婷袅袅，清丽可人。“一面”，表数量，用于成片的景物，好比“有故城一面”、“有一面大草原”等用法。此以“一面”二字，形容柳树排列成行，路边有一面新柳，远远看去，恍如清一色的新妆美人!写景颇！。这“待晓风”三字，即描摹细柳沐浴在晨风中。用一“待”字，写柳含情伫立，若有所待。这一下，更把柳与轻盈多情的美女形象，紧密联在一起。五代词人孙光宪有《杨柳枝》：“着行排立向春风”之句，也写绿柳成行，迎风而立。但是比起温词“一面新妆待晓风”来，便逊色多了。其关键在于孙词还是由物及物，给人的还是物的感觉；而温词更以物拟人，写活了柳的风姿，引人联想。
这样的词，虽着墨不多，却“工致天然，风味可掬。”（胡应麟《诗薮》）短短四句，起承转合，节奏舒畅，甚有唐人绝句韵度。
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欧阳炯《
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杜甫《
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奉和贾至舍人早朝大明宫》
温庭筠简介
唐代·温庭筠的简介
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温庭筠（约812—866）唐代诗人、词人。本名岐，字飞卿，太原祁（今山西祁县东南）人。富有天才，文思敏捷，每入试，押官韵，八叉手而成八韵，所以也有“温八叉”之称。然恃才不羁，又好讥刺权贵，多犯忌讳，取憎于时，故屡举进士不第，长被贬抑，终生不得志。官终国子助教。精通音律。工诗，与李商隐齐名，时称“温李”。其诗辞藻华丽，秾艳精致，内容多写闺情。其词艺术成就在晚唐诸词人之上，为“花间派”首要词人，对词的发展影响较大。在词史上，与韦庄齐名，并称“温韦”。存词七十余首。后人辑有《温飞卿集》及《金奁集》。
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明代：
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张宁
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网小须频撒，舟轻宜慢摇。水深行近岸，鱼上晚乘潮。