虞美人·张帆欲去仍搔首
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宋代]：陈与义
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张帆欲去仍搔首，更醉君家酒。吟诗日日待春风，及至桃花开后却匆匆。
歌声频为行人咽，记著樽前雪。明朝酒醒大江流，满载一船离恨向衡州。
虞美人·张帆欲去仍搔首译文及注释
译文
船已经挂起帆来了准备离去，可作者却搔首踟蹰不忍离去，一杯杯地饮着好友送别之酒。以前天天写诗作词翘首盼望春天的到来，可等到了春天桃花刚了却要与友人匆匆离别。
歌姬的歌声常常因离别之人而呜咽，还清楚记着离别席上的情形。明天酒醒后就要随着大江行舟离去，只能满满带着一船的离别之恨驶向衡州。
注释
搔首：以手搔头，意为有所思的样子。
虞美人·张帆欲去仍搔首创作背景
这首词是在席益举行的告别宴会上所作。席益字大光，洛阳人，是陈与义的同乡。与义宣和六年（1124）在汴京任符宝郎时与他相识，不久与义遭贬，别后还有诗札。建炎三年（1129）席益离郢州知州任，流浪于衡山县（今属湖南），与义同时躲避金兵至湖南。同年腊月，两人相遇于衡山。次年元旦后数日，与义离衡山赴邵阳，有《别大光》诗，别宴上并作此词。
参考资料：
1、谷玉婷编著．宋词三百首详注：中国华侨出版社，2016.04：第222页
虞美人·张帆欲去仍搔首鉴赏
这首词的写法是：“紧扣别宴，思前想后”。他把离别的情绪融贯到对过去的回忆和对前途的想像之中去，不同一般，别有一番风味。
词的上片由别宴写起，进而追忆到过去相聚的时日。一开篇就说船已经挂起帆来了准备离去，久久不能离去，只是一杯杯地饮着好友送别的酒。这就把不得不离去又不忍离去的矛盾心理形象地表现出来。为什么“张帆欲去”？因为“携家作客真无策”、“长乘舴艋竟安归？”（《元日》）词人在战乱之中，携家南奔，屡次寄居，终非长策，但却非走不可。为什么“仍搔首”？因为与义和大光友情诚笃，不忍分别，所以搔首踟蹰。这里词人很自然地追忆起在腊月间相聚的时日，朋友们饮酒赋诗；同时，更盼望着春天的到来，以与友人更好地流连吟咏，然而春天到了，桃花才吐蕊，而自己却要与友人告别了！“匆匆”之中，包含了无限惜别之意。“吟诗”两句，清刘熙载《艺概。词曲概》赞为“好在句中”，就是说其本身即为佳句，不待上下文关照，自然映发，自见妙处。
词的下片仍写别宴。写过了酒，紧接着从歌上落笔。古人送别时唱“骊歌”，如苏轼《江城子。孤山竹阁送述古》所写“且尽一樽，收泪听《阳关》”宋代州郡长官设宴，有官妓陪侍，歌舞酒声远远飘去，可见宴会的盛大，此“歌声”就是歌妓所唱。“歌声频为行人咽”，临别之际，歌妓也为之动情，几度呜咽不能成声。因此感动了词人：“记著樽前雪”。“雪”为“雪儿”省略，而“雪儿”又是指代歌妓的。雪儿为隋末李密歌姬，善歌舞，能够根据音律填词而歌，称“雪儿歌”，后来泛指歌妓。词人因歌而记着歌者，即记着此别，记着饯别的主人，一语而三得。酒醉人，而歌声也足以醉人。“明朝酒醒大江流”，此笔回旋一转，想到明朝酒醒之后，此身已随舟漂到湘江。此行何去？相距一百二十里的衡州（今衡阳）是第一站。
“满载一船离恨向衡州”：载人而曰“载离恨”，“离恨”而曰“一船”，“一船”而且“满载”，即满载离恨表达了作者不忍惜别的情意，与首句“张帆欲去仍搔首”紧密关连，也同作者《别大光》诗的“滔滔江受风，耿耿客孤发”相补衬。这最后两句，化用苏轼在扬州别秦观的《虞美人·波声拍枕长淮晓》词的“无情汴水自东流，只载一船离恨向西州”，而这里情感更为丰富。运用前人成句时切忌字句意义完全相同，但又不可距原句意思过远。与义此处构句可谓运用前人之后，却自然切合己事，变化处又别出心裁，较之上片之结，艺术上也不相上下。
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曹植《
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箜篌引》
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岑参《
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酒泉太守席上醉后作》
陈与义简介
唐代·陈与义的简介
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陈与义(1090-1138)，字去非，号简斋，汉族，其先祖居京兆，自曾祖陈希亮迁居洛阳，故为宋代河南洛阳人（现在属河南）。他生于宋哲宗元祐五年(1090年)，卒于南宋宋高宗绍兴八年(1138年)。北宋末，南宋初年的杰出诗人，同时也工于填词。其词存于今者虽仅十余首，却别具风格，尤近于苏东坡，语意超绝，笔力横空，疏朗明快，自然浑成，著有《简斋集》。
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