古宴曲
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唐代]：于濆
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雉扇合蓬莱，朝车回紫陌。
重门集嘶马，言宴金张宅。
燕娥奉卮酒，低鬟若无力。
十户手胼胝，凤凰钗一只。
高楼齐下视，日照罗衣色。
笑指负薪人，不信生中国。
古宴曲译文及注释
译文
羽扇在蓬莱宫中收起，朝车从京城大道返回。
深院聚集着嘶鸣骏马，说要宴饮在王宫豪宅。
燕地美女捧酒杯侍奉，发髻低垂似娇羞无力。
十户农民手脚磨出茧，只能挣来凤凰钗一只。
高楼上凭栏一同下望，日照罗衣华艳的颜色。
嬉笑着手指砍柴的人，不信他们也生在中国。
注释
雉（zhì）扇：即“雉尾扇”，用野鸡毛做成的宫扇，为古代帝王仪仗之一。合：闭合，收拢。蓬莱：唐宫名，原名大明宫。
朝车：古代君臣行朝夕礼及宴饮时出入用车。紫陌：指京师郊野的道路。
金张：汉时金日磾（dī）、张安世二人的并称。二氏子孙相继，七世荣显。后因用为显宦的代称。
燕娥：燕地的美女，指侍女。奉：通“捧”。卮（zhī）酒：犹言杯酒。
低鬟（huán）：犹低首，低头。用以形容美女娇羞之态。
胼胝（pián zhī）：手掌脚底因长期劳动摩擦而生的茧子。
罗衣：轻软丝织品制成的衣服。一作“罗绮”。
负薪：背负柴草。谓从事樵采之事。
中国：泛指中原地区。
参考资料：
1、张国举．唐诗精华注译评．长春：长春出版社，2010：782-783
古宴曲创作背景
于濆生活在社会下层，对于当时社会上贫富不均的现实有深刻的体会，在其作品中，往往通过强烈的对比手法对这一主题进行集中的反映。在他存世不多的诗篇中，大部分都触及了当时尖锐的社会矛盾，《古宴曲》即是有代表性的一篇。
参考资料：
1、沈文凡 牛菲.晚唐于濆诗歌创作简论.重庆三峡学院学报, 2009, 25:71-74
古宴曲鉴赏
这是一首以写宴会为中心的诗，主旨在于讽刺过着奢华生活的达官贵人们对于民生疾苦的惊人的无知。题目中用了一个“古”字，诗作中用了汉朝著名的官僚世族金、张两个大姓，都是以汉寓唐、借古事以写时事的意思。
开头四句，不直接写人，但写了上朝的气派，下朝的喧闹。头两句写退朝，从皇帝与臣子两面写出：蓬莱宫中的仪仗已经收起来了，大路上滚动着朝罢归来的车子。三、四句写朝罢无事，便聚集到一起宴饮取乐。在开头这四句中，不直接写人，但有车马，有重门，又上朝，又宴饮，可以想见其中活动的人物既富且贵的气派，读者可以从中推想出身处其中的人过着多么奢华的生活。
中间四句写宴饮席上的盛况。先通过写侍女的娇艳来写宴会的盛况。宴席上有侍女把酒侍候。“低鬟若无力”是极写捧酒美女娇羞婀娜的仪态。由“低鬟”，又写到鬟髻上凤凰花饰的金钗。再写出一个有强烈对比性的画面：“胼胝”指手掌上磨成老茧。诗人仿佛指着金钗在说：“别看它小，那是十户人家辛勤劳动的血汗结晶啊！”这四句用笔十分干净：写宴席，只写了送酒的美女；写美女，除了表明她的身份，让她捧上酒器以外，只写了她低鬟时所见的那一支金钗。由金钗足以想见美女之高雅，由捧酒美女之高雅也就更可想见座客之高贵与宴席之丰盛了。这种“烘云托月”的侧面描写，是运用得很成功的。
末四句写宴罢后的消遣。酒醉饭饱，不免要游目骋怀一番。一个“齐”字，表明凭栏下视的是许多人。阳光下，他们的罗绮华服显得格外耀眼。当樵夫从高楼附近经过时，贵官们带笑指点着议论起来，不相信国中竟然还有这样的穷苦百姓。最后这四句用空间上的高低显示出富豪与百姓社会地位的不平等，将全诗推到了全新的境界，诗人在展示了这些上层官僚养尊处优的生活之后，又进而揭示了他们精神世界的极端空虚与愚昧无知。同时也能在其中看到作者的“一把辛酸泪”。
在艺术上，这末四句也是全诗最有光彩的地方。诗人让人物现身说法，登台表演：让“手胼胝”的樵夫出现在画面上，让满座高朋一齐涌向楼头。诗人唯恐艺术效果不佳，还布置了聚光灯──“日照”，让这一帮达官贵人们在光天化日下亮相、表演。在“日照”下，读者不仅见到了这些人耀眼的服饰，而且还从他们的言谈举止中看透了他们卑劣的灵魂。
《古宴曲》在艺术结构上达到了很高的水平。作品以时间为主线，顺序写出朝罢赴宴、燕娥捧酒、登楼下视三个画面。同时又以空间为副线，由远及近写来。朝罢赴宴由远景转为近景，至燕娥捧酒进一步推成特写，然后又将镜头摇过，转换成登楼下视的画面。全诗以四句为一个单位，逐步推进，最后形成高潮，以人物现身说法的轻快笔法完成了作品严肃的讽刺性的主题。
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岑参《
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裴将军宅芦管歌》
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李商隐《
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杜工部蜀中离席》
于濆简介
唐代·于濆的简介
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于濆，字子漪，自号逸诗，晚唐诗人，里居及生卒年均不详，约唐僖宗乾符初（约876年前后）在世。咸通二年（681年）举进士及第，仕终泗州判官。濆患当时诗人拘束声律而入轻浮，故作古风三十篇，以矫弊俗，自号逸诗，有《于濆诗集》、《新唐书艺文志》传于世。
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一蝶飞来大似窗，遭逢狭路意仓惶。轻摇两翅摧黄叶，闲转双睛泛绿光。
顿觉腥风奔面颊，倒抽冷气缩肝肠。归来疑虑总难析，遮莫逍遥漆吏庄。