寒食雨二首
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宋代]：苏轼
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自我来黄州，已过三寒食。
年年欲惜春，春去不容惜。
今年又苦雨，两月秋萧瑟。
卧闻海棠花，泥污燕支雪。
暗中偷负去，夜半真有力。
何殊病少年，病起头已白。
春江欲入户，雨势来不已。
小屋如渔舟，濛濛水云里。
空庖煮寒菜，破灶烧湿苇。
那知是寒食，但见乌衔纸。
君门深九重，坟墓在万里。
也拟哭途穷，死灰吹不起。
寒食雨二首译文及注释
译文
自从我来到黄州，已度过三个寒食时际。
年年爱惜春光想将它挽留，春天自管自归去不容人惋惜。
今年又苦于连连阴雨，绵延两个月气候萧瑟一如秋季。
独卧在床听得雨打海棠，胭脂样花瓣像雪片凋落污泥。
造物主把艳丽的海棠偷偷背去，夜半的雨真有神力。
雨中海棠仿佛一位患病的少年，病愈时双鬓斑白已然老去。
春江暴涨仿佛要冲进门户，雨势凶猛袭来似乎没有穷已。
我的小屋宛如一叶渔舟，笼罩在濛濛水云里。
空空的厨房煮着些寒菜，潮湿的芦苇燃在破灶底。
哪还知道这一天竟然是寒食，却看见乌鸦衔来烧剩的纸币。
天子的宫门有九重，深远难以归去，祖上的坟茔遥隔万里不能吊祭。
我只想学阮籍作穷途痛哭，心头却似死灰并不想重新燃起。
注释
⑴寒食：旧历清明节的前一天，是寒食节。
⑵“两月”句：言两月来雨多春寒，萧瑟如秋。
⑶胭脂雪：指海棠花瓣。
⑷“暗中”两句：《庄子·大宗师》：“藏舟于壑，藏山于泽，谓之固矣。然夜半有力者负之而走，昧者不知也。”这里用以喻海棠花谢，象是有力者夜半暗中负去。
⑸何殊：何异。
⑹不已：一作“未已”。
⑺濛濛（méng）：雨迷茫的样子。
⑻庖（páo）：厨房。寒菜：原特指冬季之菜，此系泛指。
⑼“那知”二句：是说见乌衔纸才知道今天是寒食节日。见，一作“感”。
⑽“君门”句：宋玉《九辩》：“岂不郁陶而思君兮，君之门以九重。”注曰：“君门深邃，不可至也。”九重，指宫禁，极言其深远。
⑾“坟墓”句：谓诗人祖坟在四川眉山，距黄州有万里之遥，欲吊不能。
⑿“也拟”句：晋阮籍每走到一条路的尽头，就感慨的哭起来。这里隐言拟学阮籍途穷之哭。
⒀死灰：指上面“乌衔纸”的纸钱灰，隐用汉韩安国的话，《史记·韩长孺传》：“安国坐法抵罪，狱吏田甲辱安国，安国曰：‘死灰独不复燃乎？’田甲曰：‘燃则溺之！’”
参考资料：
1、孙凡礼 刘尚荣．苏轼诗词选：中华书局，2005：121-122
2、陈迩冬 ．苏东坡诗词选 ：人民文学出版社，1982：55-56
3、王水照 朱刚．苏轼诗词文选评：上海古籍出版社，2004：107-108
寒食雨二首创作背景
这首诗作于元丰五年（1082年）三月寒食节。东坡依然处境艰难，生活凄凉。心情孤郁。经过险恶的政治斗争和牢狱的折磨，东坡的个性收敛了许多。这两首诗充分表现了这种心境平和之后的无奈和绝望。
参考资料：
1、孙凡礼 刘尚荣．苏轼诗词选：中华书局，2005：121-122
寒食雨二首鉴赏
第一首借寒食前后阴雨连绵、萧瑟如秋的景象，写出他悼惜芳春、悼惜年华似水的心情。诗人对海棠情有独钟，并多次在诗中借以自喻，其《寓居定惠院之东杂花满山有海棠一株土人不知贵也》一诗中说：“陋邦何处得此花，无乃好事移西蜀？”且对自己与花“天涯流落俱可念”的共同命运，发出深深叹息。这首诗后段对海棠花谢的叹惋，也正是诗人自身命运的写照。他对横遭苦雨摧折而凋落的海棠，以“何殊病少年，病起头已白”的绝妙比喻，正是对自己横遭政治迫害、身心受到极大伤害的命运的借喻。
假如说前一首诗表现贬谪之悲还较含蓄，第二首则是长歌当哭，宣泄了诗人心头无限的积郁。诗中先描写雨势凶猛，长江暴涨，似欲冲入诗人居所。而风雨飘摇之中，诗人的小屋如一叶渔舟，飘荡于水云之间的状况“空庖煮寒菜，破灶烧湿苇”二句，描写物质生活的极度匮乏与艰难，表现了诗人在黄州时常迫于饥寒的窘况。诗人从前在京师、杭州等地，每逢寒食佳节，曾经有过许多赏心乐事，如今却只有满目萧条、满目凄凉，他不由得悲极而发出“那知是寒食”的设问。寒食、清明又是祭祖、扫墓的日子，看见“乌衔纸”，诗人这才恍悟，当前确实正是寒食节令，这故作回旋的笔墨，突显了诗人痛定思痛的心情。诗人以直抒胸臆的手法明言君门九重欲归不能，亲人坟墓远隔万里欲祭不可，于是篇末说是要学阮籍穷途之哭，又反用韩安国典，表示对政治的冷淡和忧谗畏讥的心情。
在艺术特色上，《寒食雨二首》分别以人声韵与上声韵传达诗人苦闷的心境。通篇紧扣寒食节的主题。章法结构紧密，虚实相间。还以“空庖”、“寒菜”、“破灶”、“湿苇”等空寒物象，突现窘迫的物质生活；以“纸”、“坟墓”、“死灰”等死亡意象，渲染凄怆悲凉的基调，风格沉郁，显示出一种沉稳悲壮的人格力量。但是，作者即使在“春江欲入户”的艰苦环境中，仍不失那份天真的童心。大水都快淹进门了。他还在想象“小屋如渔舟，潆潆水云里”的那种乐趣。这正是东坡独特、可爱的地方。他很少作愁苦的呻吟，更不会无病呻吟，还时不时展现几分幽默感，如“空庖煮寒菜，破灶烧湿苇”、小屋如渔舟，潆潆水云里”，几乎已经从忍受苦难升华为诙谐欣赏的态度了。
贺裳《载酒园诗话》说诗人“黄州诗尤多不羁”，认为此诗“最为沉痛”。黄州时期，苏轼写了不少旷远清超的诗词，但这首诗实在写出了他最为真实、沉痛的内心感情。诗人手书此二诗的真迹至今犹存，也可见其对此二诗的重视。
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毛文锡《
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恋情深·玉殿春浓花烂熳》
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韩偓《
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夜深》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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宋代：
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释居简
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嵌岩礧砢无津润，踞地盘空隐雾深。万窍怒号从定起，试听枯木里龙吟。
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山间 其二
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清代：
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沈光文
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生平未了志，每每托逃禅。不遂清时适，聊耽野趣偏。
远钟留夜月，寒雨静江天。拯涣方乘木，才弘利涉川。
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塞上杂歌赠赵总制 其十一
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明代：
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黄廷用
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朔风一阵胡沙起，誓死烽烟欲报恩。拔剑长驱抵绝漠，鸣弓射兽献辕门。