夜深
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唐代]:韩偓
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恻恻轻寒翦翦风,小梅飘雪杏花红。
夜深译文及注释
译文
切肤的轻寒刺面的风,梅花如飘雪,杏花正红。
夜深里,斜搭上的秋千索静静地悬着,烟雨朦胧之中,隐约可见那座楼阁。
注释
恻(cè):凄恻。这里作者含主观感情色彩来写对天气冷暖的感受。翦翦(jiǎn):指春风尖利,砭人肌肤,正是乍暖还寒的时节。
“小梅飘雪杏花红”句:仲春之际,梅花已谢,纷纷飘落,而桃杏花却刚刚盛开。一作“杏花飘雪小桃红”。
斜搭秋千索:据《古今艺术图》等资料记载,当时北方寒食节,有女子荡秋千为戏的习俗。斜搭:指秋千索斜挂在木架上。
参考资料:
1、何思美.白话唐诗精华:哈尔滨出版社,2007年:279页
2、傅德生.唐宋诗词佳偶:华夏出版社,2008年:98页
3、杨佐义.全唐诗精选译注 下:长春出版社,2000年:739页
夜深创作背景
据作者《香奁集》记载,诗人在往岁的寒食节,曾与一位女子有过一段情缘,但后来彼此分开了。在《寒食日重游李氏园亭有怀》说得更加明显,这首诗显然是因怀念那位阔别三千里的情人而作。
参考资料:
1、刘学锴.唐诗名篇鉴赏:黄山书社,2008年:455-456页
夜深鉴赏
“恻恻轻寒翦翦风。”首句从寒食节的气候写起。“恻恻”,是形容轻寒的气候呈现凄切之感;“翦翦”,是形容风轻微而带有寒意。这句正点寒食节“乍暖还寒”的特点,借轻寒的微风,渲染一种凄迷黯淡,但又并不十分沉重的气氛。“恻恻”、“翦翦”两个叠字,声音轻细,符合描写对象的特点。
“小梅飘雪杏花红。”次句仍点时令,但转从花的开落角度写。梅花已经开过,正飘散着雪白的花瓣,杏花却开得正鲜艳。这句色彩的对比鲜明,画出寒食节明丽的春光,与上句的色调恰成对照。如果说上句多少透露出因怀人而产生的凄迷孤寂之感,那么这句则与记忆中的温馨亲切的往事不无关系。《寒食夜有寄》说:“云薄月昏寒食夜,隔帘微雨杏花香。”《偶见》:“秋千打困解罗裙,指点醍醐索一尊。见客人来和笑走,手搓梅子映中门。”可以证明梅、杏与往昔情缘的关系。夜间是看不见“小梅飘雪杏花红”的景象的,这正可以进一步证明这句所写的并非眼前实景,而是记忆中的景象。一、二两句的含义则是:身上感受到恻恻轻寒和丝丝寒风,闻到梅花和杏花的香味,于是才意识到,一年一度的寒食节又来临了,又是“小梅飘雪杏花红”的时节了。
正因为前两句在写景中已经暗暗渗透怀人的感情,因此第三句便直接联想起与这段情缘有关的情事。“夜深斜搭秋千索”,表面上看,似乎这只是写诗人夜间看到附近园子里有一座秋千架,秋千索斜斜地搭在架上。实际上诗人的这段情缘即与寒食节荡秋千的习俗有关。《开元天宝遗事》说,天宝年间,“宫中至寒食节,竞竖秋千,令宫嫔辈戏笑以为宴乐”。可见秋千之戏为寒食节特有的文娱体育活动,且以女子戏者为多。据《香奁集》记载推断,诗人与他所恋的情人,正是在寒食节的秋千架旁结下一段情缘。因此,夜间瞥见秋千架的暗影,便情不自禁地想到当年的情事。
往事如烟,现在对方“阔别三千里”,踪迹杳然,不可复寻。在怀旧的怅惘中,诗人透过朦胧的夜色向秋千架的方向望去,只见楼阁的暗影正隐现在一片烟雨迷蒙之中。这景色,将诗人思而不见的空虚怅惘和黯然伤魂,进一步烘托出来。
这首怀旧诗,通篇只点染景物,不涉具体情事,也没有一处直接抒写怀旧之情,全借景物暗示、烘托,境界朦胧。
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苏轼《
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寒食雨二首》
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郑刚中《
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寒食》
韩偓简介
唐代·韩偓的简介
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韩偓(公元842年~公元923年)。中国唐代诗人。乳名冬郎,字致光,号致尧,晚年又号玉山樵人。陕西万年县(今樊川)人。自幼聪明好学,10岁时,曾即席赋诗送其姨夫李商隐,令满座皆惊,李商隐称赞其诗是“雏凤清于老凤声”。龙纪元年(889年),韩偓中进士,初在河中镇节度使幕府任职,后入朝历任左拾遗、左谏议大夫、度支副使、翰林学士。
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