菩萨蛮·落花夜雨辞寒食
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宋代]：吴文英
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落花夜雨辞寒食。尘香明日城南陌。玉靥湿斜红。泪痕千万重。
伤春头竟白。来去春如客。人瘦绿阴浓。日长帘影中。
菩萨蛮·落花夜雨辞寒食鉴赏
《菩萨蛮》，又名《子夜歌》、《重叠金》。唐教坊曲，《宋史·乐志》、《尊前集》、《金奁集》并入“中吕宫”，《张子野词》作“中吕调”。唐苏鹗《杜阳杂编》：“大中初，女蛮国入贡，危髻金冠，璎珞被体，号‘菩萨蛮队’。当时倡优遂制《菩萨蛮曲》，文士亦往往声其词。”据此，知此调原出外来舞曲，输入在公元八四七年之后。但开元时崔令钦所著《教坊记》已有此曲名，可能此种舞队前后不止一次前来中国。小令四十四字，前后片各四句两仄韵，两平韵，平仄递转，情调由紧促转低沉，历来名作最多。
“落花”两句，述春景。“寒食”，在清明前二日，传为晋文公因纪念介子推，而于此日禁火，故曰“寒食”。“落花夜雨”，唐韩翃《寒食》诗有“春城无处不飞花，寒食东风御柳斜”之句；杜牧《清明》诗也有“清明时节雨纷纷”句，都是写寒食清明时的景象，梦窗也应景而作。此言词人在夜雨淅淅沥沥落英缤纷之中告别了这一年一度的寒食节。明后天如果天气转晴，他就将去南郊踏青游春。“玉靥”两句，由清明想到女子上坟时的哀哭状。妇女们清明外出上坟，祭扫先人之墓，必将因哀痛而泪落如雨，“千万重”，即言其落泪之多。脸上的胭脂、花粉，也将因涕泪滂沱而污损。这两句，着重写女子的重情。
“伤春”两句，转而写男子之情。旧有“伍子胥过昭关，一夜愁白头”之说，故词人用其意而曰：光阴如箭，来去匆匆、春光好比过客，转瞬即逝，因此我将因哀伤春天的难留而也会愁白了自己的头发。“人瘦”两句，实写其闲极无聊之状。此言词人漫步踱到轩园中绿树的浓荫底下，发觉自己的身影因阴暗而显得更加细长消瘦。回到室内，见阳光从帘隙之间漏入，又觉得这时光实在是显得太悠长了。一副无所事事，徘徊不定的无聊形象跃然于纸上。又结尾两句因为需要押韵，所以都为倒装句式，即“绿阴浓浓人更瘦，帘隙影中日愈长”之谓。
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纳兰性德《
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菩萨蛮·阑风伏雨催寒食》
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白居易《
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洛桥寒食日作十韵》
吴文英简介
唐代·吴文英的简介
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吴文英（约1200～1260），字君特，号梦窗，晚年又号觉翁，四明（今浙江宁波）人。原出翁姓，后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。有《梦窗词集》一部，存词三百四十余首，分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃，风格雅致，多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作，号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。
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省垣梧竹抱幽虚，吏散萧然似隐居。风冷池亭犹岸帻，日斜窗几有摊书。
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