泗州东城晚望
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宋代]：秦观
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渺渺孤城白水环，舳舻人语夕霏间。
林梢一抹青如画，应是淮流转处山。
泗州东城晚望译文及注释
译文
白色的河水环绕着的泗州城，孤零零地，显得那样邈远。黄昏迷濛的轻雾下，船儿静静地停泊着，不时地传来舟人的语谈。
成片的树林上空浮现着一抹黛影，青翠如画；我想，它一定就是那座淮水转折处的青山。
注释
⑴泗州：旧城在淮水边上，又称泗州临淮郡，在今江苏省盱眙县西北，清代康熙年间（1662-1722）已沉入洪泽湖。
⑵渺渺：水远的样子。
⑶白水：指淮河。
⑷舳舻（zhú lú）：指船。舳，船后舵；舻，船头。
⑸夕霏：黄昏时的云气烟雾。南朝宋谢灵运《石壁精舍还湖中》：“林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏。”
⑹林梢：林木的尖端或末端。
⑺淮流：淮水。
⑻转处山：指泗州南山。胡仔《苕溪渔隐丛话》后集卷三十五：“淮北之地平夷，自京师至汴口，并无山。惟隔淮方有南山，米元章名其山为第一山，有诗云：‘京洛风尘千里还，船头出没翠屏间；莫能衡霍撞星斗，且是东南第一山。’此诗刻在南山石崖上，石崖之侧，有东坡《行香子》词，后题云：‘与泗守游南山作。’”
参考资料：
1、陈衍 选编，沙灵娜，陈振寰 译著．宋诗精华录全译（上、下）．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，2009-3-1：第497-498页．
2、赵山林，潘裕民 ．桃李春风一杯酒——宋诗经典解读：中西书局，2009-10-1：第124-125页
泗州东城晚望鉴赏
这是一首写景诗。画面的主色调既不是令人目眩的大红大紫，也不是教人感伤的蒙蒙灰色，而是在白水、青山之上蒙上一层薄薄的雾霭，诗人从而抓住了夕阳西下之后的景色特点，造成了一种朦胧而不虚幻、恬淡而不寂寞的境界。这种境界与诗人当时的心境是一致的，正如刘勰在《文心雕龙·物色》篇中所说：“山沓水匝，树杂云合，目既往返，心亦吐纳。”
据《元和郡县志》记载，唐代开元年间（713-741），泗州城自宿迁县移治临淮（在今江苏盱眙东北）。北宋乐史的《太平寰宇记》说，泗州南至淮水一里，与盱眙分界。到了清代，州城陷入洪泽湖。诗人当时站在泗州城楼上，俯视远眺，只见烟霭笼罩之下，波光粼粼的淮河像一条婉蜓的白带，绕过屹立的泗州城，静静地流向远方；河上白帆点点，船上人语依稀；稍远处是一片丛林，而林梢的尽头，有一抹淡淡的青色，那是淮河转弯处的山峦。
前两句着重写水。用了“渺渺”二字，既扣住了题目中“晚望”二字，又与后一句的“夕霏”呼应，然后托出淮水如带，同孤城屹立相映衬，构成了画面上动和静、纵和横的对比。舳舻的原意是船尾和船头，在这里指淮河上的行船。诗人可能是嫌全诗还缺少诉诸听觉之物，所以特意点出“人语”二字。这里的人语，不是嘈杂，不是喧哗，而是远远飘来的、若断若续的人语。它即使全诗的气氛不致于沉闷，又使境界更为静谧。唐代诗人卢纶《晚次鄂州》诗说“舟人夜语觉潮生”，为“舳舻”句的出处。
三四两句着重写山。在前一句中，诗人不从“山”字落笔，而是写出林后天际的一抹青色，暗示了远处的山峦。描写山水风景的绝句，由于篇幅短小，最忌平铺直叙，一览无余，前人因此这样总结绝句的创作经验：“绝句之法要婉曲回环。”（元代杨载《诗法家数》）对此中“三昧”，诗人深有体会。在他笔下，树林不过是陪衬，山峦才是主体，但这位“主角”姗姗来迟，直到终场时才出现。诗的最后一句既回答了前一句的暗示，又自成一幅渺渺白水绕青山的画面，至于此山本身如何，则不加申说，留待读者去想象，这正符合前人所谓“句绝而意不绝”（《诗法家数》）的要求。
秦观以词名世，他的诗风清新婉丽，和词风颇为接近，所以前人有“诗如词”、“诗似小词”的评语。就此诗而言，“渺渺孤城白水环”之于“斜阳外，寒鸦万点，流水绕孤村”，“林梢一抹”之于“山抹微云”，“应是淮流转处山”之于“郴江幸自绕郴山”，相通之处颇为明显。但此诗情调尚属明朗，没有秦观词中常见的那种凄迷的景色和缠绵的愁绪。
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柳宗元《
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游朝阳岩遂登西亭二十韵》
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柳宗元《
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湘口馆潇湘二水所会》
秦观简介
唐代·秦观的简介
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秦观（1049-1100）字太虚，又字少游，别号邗沟居士，世称淮海先生。汉族，北宋高邮（今江苏）人，官至太学博士，国史馆编修。秦观一 生坎坷，所写诗词，高古沉重，寄托身世，感人至深。秦观生前行踪所至之处，多有遗迹。如浙江杭州的秦少游祠，丽水的秦少游塑像、淮海先生祠、莺花亭；青田的秦学士祠；湖南郴州三绝碑；广西横县的海棠亭、醉乡亭、淮海堂、淮海书院等。秦观墓在无锡惠山之北粲山上，墓碑上书“秦龙图墓”几个大字。有秦家村、秦家大院以及省级文物保护单位古文游台。
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