清江引·钱塘怀古
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元代]：任昱
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吴山越山山下水，总是凄凉意。江流今古愁，山雨兴亡泪。沙鸥笑人闲未得。
清江引·钱塘怀古译文及注释
译文
群山脚下钱塘江水滚滚，绵延远去的江水仿有说不尽的凄凉。江流满载古今愁绪，山中的雨犹如为国家的衰亡流的泪。江面的沙鸥仿似在嘲笑世人碌碌不得闲。
注释
吴山越山：吴山，在浙江杭州城南钱塘江北岸。越山，指浙江绍兴以北钱塘江南岸的山。此指江浙一带的山。
江流今古愁：秦观《江城子》：“便做春江都是泪，流不尽，许多愁。”
山雨兴亡泪：意谓山中的雨犹如为国家的衰亡流的泪。兴亡：复词偏义，偏指“亡”。
闲未得：即不得闲。
清江引·钱塘怀古鉴赏
古人习以钱塘江北岸山称吴山，南岸山称越山，这是因为钱塘江曾为春秋时吴、越两国国界的缘故。元曲家汪元亨即有“怕青山两岸分吴越”（《醉太平·警世》）语。
此曲起首即以吴山越山对举，点出“山下水”即钱塘江的咏写对象，而着一“总是凄凉意”的断语。一个“总”字，将“吴”、“越”、“山”、“水”尽行包括，且含有不分时间、无一例外的意味，已为题面的“怀古”蓄势。不直言“钱塘江水”而以“吴山越山山下水”的回互句式出之，也见出了钱塘江夹岸青山、山水萦回的态势。三、四句以工整的对仗，分别从水、山的两个角度写足“凄凉意”。江为动景，亘古长流，故着重从时间上表现所谓的“今古愁”。山为静物，也是历史忠实、可靠的见证，故着重从性质表述，所谓“兴亡泪”。以“雨”字作动词，不仅使凝练的对句增添了新警的韵味，还表明了“泪”的众多，也即是兴亡的纷纭。作者不详述怀古的内容，而全以沉郁浑融的感想代表，显示了在钱塘江浩渺山水中的苍茫心绪。
大处着笔，大言炎炎，一般都较难收束，本篇的结尾却有举重若轻之妙。“沙鸥”是钱塘江上的本地风光，又是闲逸自得和不存机心的象征。“沙鸥笑人闲未得”，“闲”字可同“今古”、“兴亡”对读，说明尽管历史活动不过是“凄凉意”的重复，但人们还是机心不泯、执迷不悟，大至江山社稷，小至功名利禄，争攘不已；又可与“今古愁”、“兴亡泪”对勘，表现出作者对自己怀古伤昔举动的自嘲。此外，从意象上说，“沙鸥笑人”，也正是江面凄凉景象的一种示现。作者对人世的百感交集，终究集聚到这一句上，自然就语重心长，足耐寻味了。
这支小令怀古伤今，把深沉的兴亡之感，融入到景物描写中。国家兴亡，朝代更迭，历史变迁，物是人非，而山水如故。在千古不变的山山水水中，融入了深厚的历史感，引发人的感慨和感伤。末句“沙鸥笑人闲未得”，用拟人手法，看似轻松诙谐，含义却颇为丰富，别具深意。自然界的生物是那样悠然自得，而人世间则充满忙碌、竞争、劳顿，最终，一切的一切都将归于历史的陈迹。
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王勃《
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山中》
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刘禹锡《
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任昱，字则明，四明（今浙江宁波市）人。与张可久、曹明善为同时代人，少时好狎游，一生不仕。所作散曲小令在歌妓中传唱广泛。其作品《闲居》有“结庐移石动云根，不受红尘”、《隐居》有“不顺俗，不妄图，清高风度”等句，知其为足迹往来于苏、杭的一位“布衣”。
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