上元侍宴
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宋代]：苏轼
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淡月疏星绕建章，仙风吹下御炉香。
侍臣鹄立通明殿，一朵红云捧玉皇。
上元侍宴译文及注释
译文
月光淡星儿稀围绕着建章宫阙，御炉里的香灰被仙风悄悄吹落。
通明殿臣子们鹄鸟般伸颈肃立，此刻捧天帝的是一簇红色云朵。
注释
上元：指阴历正月十五元宵节。
侍宴：臣子赴皇帝的宴会。
淡月：淡淡的月光。
疏星：稀疏的星星。
建章：汉代的皇宫名，这里借指宋代皇宫。 即建章宫。
仙风：这里喻宫中吹来的风。
御（yù）炉：皇宫中用的香炉。
鹄（hú）立：像天鹅般引颈直立。
通明殿：玉皇大帝宫殿名。借指宋皇宫。
红云：比喻穿红袍的侍臣。
玉皇：天宫中最高的统治者，借指宋帝。
参考资料：
1、沈祥源．千家诗助读：江西人民出版社，1996年01月第1版：8
2、蒙万夫，阎琦主编．《千家诗鉴赏辞典》：陕西人民教育出版社，1991：24-26
上元侍宴创作背景
元祐七年八月，苏轼自扬州以兵部尚书诏还，九月到京，后迁端明殿学士兼翰林侍读，守礼部尚书任。此诗是元祐八年（1093）阴历正月十五元宵节，苏轼侍从皇帝观灯而作的“应制诗”，写了元宵夜皇帝举行宴会而群臣陪饮的所见所感，为宋王朝歌功颂德。
参考资料：
1、沈祥源．千家诗助读：江西人民出版社，1996年01月第1版：8
2、蒙万夫，阎琦主编．《千家诗鉴赏辞典》：陕西人民教育出版社，1991：24-26
上元侍宴鉴赏
首句“谈月疏星绕建章”描绘出仙境般的宫殿外观：淡淡的月光清冽，寥寥的寒星闪烁，巍娥的宫殿在它们的环绕下，恍若天上宫阙，缥缈犹如仙境，照映着雄伟的建章宫。月谓“淡”，星谓“疏”，有两重含义。一是实写正月十五特有的景象。十五月圆，群星自然隐烁稀疏，不可能繁星满天。而时值冬末春初，月光寒淡，不会象八月十五皓月当空，清光四溢。所以暗示了时令；二是要使月和星与建章（宫殿）构成一组完整意象。诗人用了个“绕”字点明宫为主，星月为宾的关系，为全诗定下了飘飘若仙的基调。同时，也以宫殿与星月的关系来暗示君臣关系，从而为诗的最后两句实写埋下伏笔。
次句“仙风吹下御炉香”承上而来，将上句创造的气氛坐实为仙境。写宫殿内景：似是天上宫阙，阵阵仙界之风吹过，吹送着御炉前的袅袅香烟，使偌大的皇宫清香流荡。诗人以馥郁香气的到来，暗示了皇帝即将驾临。
三句“侍臣鹄立通明殿”，照应诗题“待宴”。写侍宴的群臣像鸿鸽一样，引颈肃立，宫殿满堂生辉，气氛庄严而祥和。此时，群臣们静立恭候皇帝驾临，但诗人此时已犹如置身仙境、浮想联翩。“鹄”，一说指天鹅，一说为鹤。这里应理解为鹤。因为不仅鹤立与鹄立是同义词，而且更重要的是释成鹤更增强了仙界的气氛。鹤在古人看来是仙鸟，称为仙鹤，认为它们是神仙的座骑。在诗人眼中，此时群臣们象仙鹤一胶引颈挺立，静待主人的骑乘。“通明殿”，表面上指举行宴会的宫殿灯火通明，金碧辉煌，而实际双关天上玉帝的宫殿。“上帝升金殿，殿之光明照于帝身，身之光明照于金殿，光明透彻，故为通明殿。”（宋代王十朋注引《敦误明星保留传》）典故的妙用，更增添了仙界气氛。
末尾“一朵红云捧五星”突出画面的主题：像朵朵红云烘托朝阳一样，身着红袍的侍臣们簇拥着皇帝，场面热烈壮观。这本是指皇帝驾临筵席，但诗人夸张地写成在玉阶紫殿上，红霞千朵，金光万道，簇拥营天上至高统治者玉皇大帝出现。可见，诗人早已感到置身于仙境，水到渠成地产生了这种幻象。
此诗写作上有两个突出特点：
第一，层层捕垫，节节拔高，使仙界气氛越来越强。表现在与仙境直接相关的字眼越来越多。首句的淡月疏星与建章都是实写，但只用了一个“绕”字，便创造出了仙界的气氛。二句用了“仙风”两字。三句用了“鹄立通明殿”五字。而第四句则是七字。这样，层层叠加捕垫，让仙境更加美妙空幻。
第二，实景虚写，虚景实写。首句本是实写所见之景，但用了“疏”、“淡”、“绕”等形象不具体的飘忽的字眼，所以造成了一种虚幻缥缈的境界。而尾句写诗人对皇帝出现场面的幻觉联想，是个虚景，但用了范围明确如“一朵”，色彩鲜明如“红”、“玉”等字限，反倒显得很具体可感。
此诗虽写颂扬皇家之辞，但十分得体，有君臣之仪，无阿谀之意。全诗设境肃穆隆重，明朗壮美，语言自然而形象，如身临其境，见到了宋王朝升平时期的一次皇家盛典。
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沈佺期《
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兴庆池侍宴应制》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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明代：
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殷奎
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仆子中夜起，将牛耕古城。古城古人筑，古城今人耕。
古人谁复在，古城今人平。黄蒿上莽苍，白骨下纵横。