陈后宫
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唐代]：李商隐
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茂苑城如画，阊门瓦欲流。
还依水光殿，更起月华楼。
陈后宫译文及注释
译文
那丰茂的苑囿，把京城装点得像一幅画图，宫门上的屋瓦，鳞次栉比，就像不息的水流。
水光殿，在这儿观赏到水光波影，却还要再起一座月华楼，让皇上欣赏到月色的温柔。
才不过是深夜，妃子们已经打开了装饰着鸾鸟的妆镜，冬天才刚刚降临，侍臣们就献上了用雉羽制成的毛裘。
每一个侍臣都饮得半醉了，我们的皇上，也和大家一样，一点也不觉得有什么忧愁。
注释
茂苑：南朝都城建康（今南京市）的宫苑。
阊（chāng）门：即闯阖门，是神话传说中的天门，这里指宫门。瓦欲流：形容琉璃瓦色泽光艳欲滴。
依：依傍。水光殿、月华楼：均泛指为游乐而建的宫殿。
侵：渐近。鸾开镜：即“开鸾镜”，指梳妆。鸾镜，饰有鸾鸟图案的妆镜。
雉（zhì）献裘：即“献雉裘”。雉裘，即雉头襄，以雉鸡头上羽毛制成的裘。雉，雉鸡，野鸡。裘，皮衣。
正无愁：北齐后主高纬昏庸荒淫，曾作《无愁曲》自弹自唱，被称为“无愁天子”。
参考资料：
1、顾之京．李商隐诗歌精选：花山文艺出版社，1996：31-32
2、郑在瀛．李商隐诗全集汇编今注简释：崇文书局，2011：10
3、邓中龙．李商隐诗译注·第3卷：岳麓书社，2000：1633-1636
陈后宫创作背景
陈叔宝是历史上有名的荒淫皇帝，在政期间，大兴土木，与群臣妃嫔整日歌舞升平，骄奢淫逸，导致政乱国亡。作者李商隐所生活的晚唐时代，世衰道微，宦官专权，藩镇混乱，党争激烈，加上执政者又不念国事，荒淫奢靡，因此国道日渐衰落。这首诗就是借陈后主事讽喻当朝，以为统治者鉴戒。
参考资料：
1、顾之京．李商隐诗歌精选：花山文艺出版社，1996：31-32
2、马玮．中国古典诗词名家菁华赏析 李商隐：商务印书馆国际有限公司，2014：254-256
陈后宫鉴赏
这首诗歌借南朝陈后主骄奢淫逸、不理朝政的史实讽喻晚唐的统治者，体现了李商隐的政治远见。
首联“茂苑城如画，阊门瓦欲流”总写陈后宫的外观：华美的茂苑城如画般豪奢，阊门闪耀着釉色琉璃瓦，在阳光下，釉彩如水般恍惚迷离。此联主要用意在于描写当初陈后宫的富丽堂皇，从侧面来暗示陈后主骄奢淫逸的腐朽生活。“如画”是实景的特点，也与最后的结局形成鲜明的对比，具有强烈的反讽意味。
颔联“还依水光殿，更起月华楼”，景物由总体到局部，由长镜头到特写镜头，对准最具有代表性的两处建筑：靠着水光殿的一旁又建起了供贵族们游赏玩乐的月华楼，俨然就是一派欣欣向荣、繁华热闹的景象。“还依”“更起”有承上更进一步的意思，充分表现了封建贵族们无穷的享乐主义，表明这些统治者的欲望是无法得到满足的，也就必然导致亡国亡身。
颈联“侵夜鸾开镜，迎冬雉献裘”考虑对仗平仄，使用了倒装的句式，正常语序是：侵夜开鸾镜，迎冬献雉裘。这两句从外部宫殿的高大华美精致写到日常生活的两个典型场景，由外到内，由建筑到生活，可以说更深入一步，目的是讽刺陈后主骄奢浪费，不知勤俭。这两句反映了封建统治者不论昼夜冬夏，一味淫乐奢靡，讽刺了陈后主的奢侈生活。这两句以点带面，揭示统治者无时无刻不在享乐，批判力度更进一层。
尾联“从臣皆半醉，天子正无愁”用漫画式的手法，勾勒了一幅臣“半醉”而君“无愁”的享乐图景，抒发对醉生梦死的腐朽上层统治集团的愤慨。此句中的“醉”在这里一字双关，除了指众臣因喝多了醉得东倒西歪，亦指群臣精神麻木，不明国政。看到这幅情景，贵为天子的皇帝竟然无动于衷，无忧无虑，可见他从不把国事当作一回事。作者借此讽刺陈后主荒淫昏庸，不可救药。
这首诗描写了封建统治者大建宫室、生活奢侈、昼夜玩乐的情景。全诗以全景式的华丽建筑开篇，以君臣醉卧的场景煞尾，大开小合，由外到内，描写逐步进入到统治者腐糜生活的核心，如同层层剥笋，将赤裸裸的奢侈骄纵、不务国政的乱象呈现在读者面前，构思布局堪称精妙。这是典型的铺陈手法，意在极写豪奢。作者之所以旧事重提，当然是别有用意的。李商隐生活时代的晚唐统治者，也一直在大兴土木、劳民伤财，生活极度奢华，导致朝政混乱，这番情景与当年殊无二致，与所有朝代堕落的统治者殊无二致，这都是历史的教训，作者借古讽今，表达了深沉的感慨，透露出作者的清醒和对少年袭位的当朝执政者的深深忧虑，同时起到了警醒世人的作用。
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陶渊明《
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拟古九首》
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杜荀鹤《
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蚕妇》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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白马金羁气浩然，客衣前日别幽燕。摇摇易水秋风外，窅窅瀛洲夕照边。
行人随处问名姓，争识卢家美少年。归来下马拜堂序，邻翁趋走肩相骈。
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岭上见大江及匡庐诸峰
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：
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项安世
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背立梧桐岭，面对匡庐峰。
江流过其下，渺渺去朝宗。