青玉案·姑苏台上乌啼曙
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清代]：王国维
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姑苏台上乌啼曙，剩霸业，今如许。醉后不堪仍吊古。月中杨柳，水边楼阁，犹自教歌舞。
野花开遍真娘墓，绝代红颜委朝露。算是人生赢得处。千秋诗料，一抔黄土，十里寒螿语。
青玉案·姑苏台上乌啼曙译文及注释
译文
落日中，姑苏台上乌鸦悲鸣。那些野心勃勃的江山事业，如今又在哪里？一场醉后来凭吊古今。月色下的杨柳，水边的楼台阁榭，还有那些学习歌舞的女孩子们。
真娘的墓前开满了野花，绝代美女从此消失了，就如同朝露一样。怎么才能不白白的虚度光阴，多少年后成为写诗的题材，那怕是一座孤坟，只有坟里的寒螀相伴。
注释
①青玉案：青玉案，词牌名，取于东汉张衡《四愁诗》：“美人赠我锦绣段，何以报之青玉案”一诗。又名《横塘路》、《西湖路》，双调六十七字，前后片各五仄韵。亦有第五句不用韵者。
②姑苏台：在江苏吴县西南姑苏山上，相传为吴王阖闾或夫差所筑。
③霸业：指称霸诸侯或维持霸权的事业。今如许：现在成了这个样子。
④不堪：不能承受。吊古：凭吊往古之事
⑤教歌舞：教女孩子们演习歌舞。
⑥真娘墓：在今江苏苏州虎丘。真娘：唐代名妓。
⑦绝代红颜：举世无双的美女。
⑧诗料：写诗的素材。
⑨一抔（póu）黄土：指坟墓。
⑩寒螀（jiāng）：寒蝉。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹．王国维词新释辑评：中国书店 ，2006：74-79
青玉案·姑苏台上乌啼曙创作背景
1904年，王国维在受聘于通州师范学校和江苏师范学堂期间，常常游览姑苏旧址，在郊游之时，他写下了此词。
参考资料：
1、马奔腾．王国维未刊来往书信集：清华大学出版社，2010：74
2、黄晓慧．王国维与《人间词话》：吉林出版集团有限责任公司，2010：66
青玉案·姑苏台上乌啼曙鉴赏
此词上片写吴王阖闾姑苏台，下片写唐代名妓真娘墓。前者象征王者霸业，后者象征红颜朝露。何谓“犹自教歌舞”，这是出自《吴越春秋》。阖闾“欲兴兵戈以诛暴楚”，“霸天下而威诸侯”，乃将“善为兵法，辟隐深居”的孙武请入宫中，操练兵法，并听从伍子胥“兵者凶事，不可空试”的诤言，忍痛让孙武将操练中充“军队长”却“掩口而笑”，不听将令的二名宠姬处斩。夫差则相反，“昼假官于姑胥之台”，醒来请太宰喜解梦，竟听信其“乐府鼓声”、“宫女悦乐琴瑟和”之类谗言，愈益纵欲荒淫。如用今天的话来说，阖闾不爱红妆爱武将，以姑苏台为练兵场的不肖子夫差却只爱红妆弃开装，姑苏台成了纵情声色的歌舞场。
然而，王国维主张“词人观物须用诗人之眼，不可用政治家之眼”。“君王枉把平陈业，换得雷塘数亩田”。如同隋炀帝最后只换得数亩葬身之地，吴王阖闾的霸业也仅留下一座荒废的姑苏台。故词云“醉后不堪仍吊古”。反之，真娘虽沦落风尘，其墓上却开遍野花，赢得了多少骚人墨客为之吟诗，洒下同情之泪。“千秋诗料，一抷黄土”，这就是“通古今而观之”的诗人之眼里的又一个“人间”。
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萨都剌《
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舜庙怀古》
王国维简介
唐代·王国维的简介
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王国维（1877年—1927年），字伯隅、静安，号观堂、永观，汉族，浙江海宁盐官镇人。清末秀才。我国近现代在文学、美学、史学、哲学、古文字学、考古学等各方面成就卓著的学术巨子，国学大师。
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