饮酒·二十
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魏晋]:陶渊明
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羲农去我久,举世少复真。
汲汲鲁中叟,弥缝使其淳。
凤鸟虽不至,礼乐暂得新,
洙泗辍微响,漂流逮狂秦。
诗书复何罪?一朝成灰尘。
区区诸老翁,为事诚殷勤。
如何绝世下,六籍无一亲。
终日驰车走,不见所问津。
若复不快饮,空负头上巾。
但恨多谬误,君当恕醉人。
饮酒·二十译文及注释
译文
伏羲神农已遥远,世间少有人朴真。
鲁国孔子心急切,补救阙失使其淳。
虽未遇得太平世,恢复礼乐面貌新。
礼乐之乡微言绝,日月迁延至于秦。
诗书典籍有何罪?顿时被焚成灰尘。
汉初几位老儒生,传授经学很殷勤。
汉代灭亡至于今,无人再与六经亲。
世人奔走为名利,治世之道无问津。
如若不将酒痛饮,空负头上漉巾。
但恨此言多谬误,望君愿谅醉乡人。
注释
羲农:指伏羲氏、神农氏,传说中的上古帝王。去:离开。真:指真淳的社会风尚。
汲汲:心情急切的样子。鲁中叟:鲁国的老人,指孔子。弥缝:弥补,补救行事的闭失。
“凤鸟”句:凤鸟即凤凰。古人认为凤凰是祥瑞之鸟,如果凤凰出现,就预示将出现太平盛世。《论语·子罕》:“凤鸟不至,河图不出,吾已矣夫!”“礼乐”句:据《史记·孔子世家》载,“孔子之时,周室微而礼乐废”,后经孔于的补救整理,“礼乐自此可得而述”,才又得以复兴。
洙泗:二水名,在今山东省曲阜县北。孔子曾在那里教授弟子。辍(chuò):中止,停止。微响:犹微言,指精微要妙之言。《史记·孔子世家》说“孔子没而微言绝”。漂流:形容时光的流逝。逮(dài):至,到。狂秦:狂暴的秦朝。
“诗书”二句:指秦始皇焚书事。
区区:少,为数不多。诸老翁:指西汉初年传授经学的饱学长者,如伏生、申培、辕固生、韩婴等人。为事:指传授经学之事。
绝世:指汉代灭亡。六籍:指六经。亲:亲近。
驰车走:指追逐名利之徒奔走不息。走:奔跑。“不见”句:指没有像孔子那样为探求治世之道而奔走的人。
快饮:痛饮,畅饮。头上巾:这里特指作者所戴的漉酒巾。
多谬误:谓以上所说,多有错误不当之处。这实际上是反语,为愤激之言。
参考资料:
1、郭维森 包景诚.陶渊明集全译.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1992:141-170
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陶渊明《
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饮酒·二十》
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李贺《
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昆仑使者》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明(约365年—427年),字元亮,(又一说名潜,字渊明)号五柳先生,私谥“靖节”,东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族,东晋浔阳柴桑人(今江西九江)。曾做过几年小官,后辞官回家,从此隐居,田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材,相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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