四块玉·马嵬坡
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元代]：马致远
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睡海棠，春将晚。恨不得明皇掌中看。霓裳便是中原乱。不因这玉环，引起那禄山，怎知蜀道难！
四块玉·马嵬坡译文及注释
译文
杨贵妃酣睡初醒的神情仿佛是晚春的海棠花一般，唐明皇恨不得放在自己的手心里观赏把玩。那只《霓裳羽衣舞曲》便是中原最大的祸患，不是因为这个杨玉环，引起那位野心家安禄山的垂涎，怎么会发生那么大的动乱？唐明皇也就不会知道蜀道有多么难。
注释
睡海棠：比喻杨贵妃。
明皇：指唐玄宗。
霓裳：即《霓裳羽衣曲》，相传杨贵妃善舞此曲。
玉环：杨贵妃字玉环。
禄山：即安禄山。
蜀道难：指安禄山攻入潼关，唐玄宗仓皇逃往四川之事。
四块玉·马嵬坡鉴赏
马嵬坡又名马嵬驿，在今陕西省兴平县西北。唐玄宗宠爱杨贵妃，荒淫误国，酿成“安史之乱”。安史叛军攻破潼关，唐明皇仓皇向四川逃难，路过马嵬驿时，扈从的禁卫军哗变，求诛杨氏以谢天下。玄宗为了稳定军心，被迫缢死杨贵妃。这首小令以曲写史，意在总结历史的经验和教训。
此曲前半叙事，后半议论，借唐玄宗与宠妃杨玉环终日游戏作乐，发出了兴亡之叹。全曲造词清新、畅达自然，后世流传甚广。有人认为作品对杨玉环的责备重于玄宗，表明作者由于历史观的局限，仍有“女人祸水”的消极思想。其实这是此类话题的传统论见，作者不可能不知道祸首是谁，“恨不得”一句已经透尽个中消息，只是囿于忠君之道，不便揭穿罢了。
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罗隐《
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焚书坑》
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苏轼《
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华清引·感旧》
马致远简介
唐代·马致远的简介
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马致远（1250年-1321年），字千里，号东篱（一说字致远，晚号“东篱”），汉族，大都（今北京）人，另一说（马致远是河北省东光县马祠堂村人，号东篱，以示效陶渊明之志）。他的年辈晚于关汉卿、白朴等人，生年当在至元（始于1264）之前，卒年当在至治改元到泰定元年（1321—1324）之间，与关汉卿、郑光祖、白朴并称“元曲四大家”，是我国元代时著名大戏剧家、散曲家。
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清代：
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