浪淘沙·疏雨洗天清
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宋代]:邓剡
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疏雨洗天清,枕簟凉生。井桐一叶做秋声。谁念客身轻似叶,千里飘零?
梦断古台城,月淡潮平。便须携酒访新亭。不见当时王谢宅,烟草青青。
浪淘沙·疏雨洗天清译文及注释
译文
疏雨过后,天空明净如洗,枕席生凉,肃杀秋风吹动梧桐叶,声似报秋,自己千里飘零,亦如同这风中桐叶。
一梦醒来,古台城上,月色已逐渐暗淡,江潮涨得水与岸平。惟愿再追寻昔日新亭的慷慨之声,如今不惟其人不在,其宅亦不可见,惟见烟草青青。
注释
枕簟(diàn):枕头和竹席。
客身:流落之身。南唐李煜《浪淘沙》词:“梦里不知身是客。”
台城:东晋台城在今南京玄武湖畔。
便须:即便。
新亭:故址在今南京市南。
王谢宅:指东晋王、谢士族的宅邸。
烟草:被烟岚笼罩着的草色。
参考资料:
1、萧东海编著,宋代吉安名家诗词文选,江西高校出版社,2001.12,第336-337页
2、薛玉坤,鞠婷,何抗著 .《古小词精华》:苏州大学出版社,2012.01:第161页
3、宋词鉴赏,上海辞书出版社,1999.12,第744页
浪淘沙·疏雨洗天清创作背景
元十六年(1279年),邓剡在厓山被俘虏,并与文天祥一同被押解北上,在途经建康时,邓剡作了此词。
参考资料:
1、夏承焘等著.《宋词鉴赏辞典 下》:上海辞典书出版社,2013.08:第2040页
浪淘沙·疏雨洗天清鉴赏
这首词寓含有怀古感今的浓浓深情,语言极为明快,堪称邓剡现存的词中的一篇佳作。
词的上片,“疏雨洗天清,枕簟凉生。井桐一叶做秋声”。暑退寒来之节气替代,说出盛极而衰的人生哲理。宋室覆亡,故国不在,如瑟瑟寒秋,令人心灰神懒。“疏雨洗天清”,然而天清世不清,能奈其何。室内枕席生凉,是实写秋天到来天气生凉,气候更替,室外井桐落叶,既是报秋,又勾起词人对自己身世的感叹。给全词的气氛作了烘托,深含怀古的幽幽情感。“谁念客身轻似叶,千里飘零?”叶随风飘,说明个人命运的不可把握,也表明作者对邦国沦亡悲哀之情。“千里”是概括在广东被俘到建康的旅程。
词的下片,“梦断古台城。月淡潮平。”无限哀思难以排解。邓剡把它带到梦乡,醒来却发觉古台城上梦凄凉。词人的心境本来就很哀伤,但醒来见月色暗淡,海潮泛起,禁不住自己也心潮澎湃,心里更加凄怆。梦醒之后,只能去“便须携酒访新亭”。王导在当年的新亭会上,还主张“戮力王室,克服神州”,但词人和文天祥都做了俘虏,宋王朝已彻底亡矣。“不见当时王谢宅,烟草青青。”邓剡对世事无常、朝代兴亡的感慨,因为真实的遭遇而显得格外深沉,结句移情入景,寓激于婉,凄苦的亡国之音,袅袅不绝。
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曹雪芹《
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交趾怀古》
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邓剡《
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浪淘沙·疏雨洗天清》
邓剡简介
唐代·邓剡的简介
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邓剡(1232-1303),字光荐,又字中甫,号中斋。庐陵人(今江西省吉安县永阳镇邓家村)。南宋末年爱国诗人、词作家,第一个为文天祥作传的人。他与文天祥、刘辰翁是白鹭洲书院的同学。
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