满江红·蒜山怀古
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清代]：吴伟业
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沽酒南徐，听夜雨、江声千尺。记当年、阿童东下，佛狸深入。白面书生成底用？萧郎裙屐偏轻敌。笑风流北府好谈兵，参军客。
人事改，寒云白。旧垒废，神鸦集。尽沙沉浪洗，断戈残戟。落日楼船鸣铁锁，西风吹尽王侯宅。任黄芦苦竹打寒潮，渔樵笛。
满江红·蒜山怀古译文及注释
译文
我客居南徐买酒喝，耳听夜雨潇潇，江中浪声千尺高。想起当年王濬曾东下伐吴，还有深入南侵的拓跋焘。年轻识浅的白面书生有何用？萧渊藻那样的裙屐少年，偏偏又轻敌自傲。可笑掌北府兵者只爱纸上谈兵，重用的不过是自命风流的幕僚。
如今的京口人事已改，又被白色的寒云笼罩；旧时的营垒一片荒芜，觅食的乌鸦聚集鸣噪。昔日的断戈残戟，都还沉在沙中被浪冲淘。夕阳余辉里只能听到，楼船上铁锁的声响；寒冷的西风吹拂下，旧时的王侯宅第一片荒烟蔓草。江边的黄芦苦竹任凭大潮拍打，那呜呜咽咽的水声应和着渔父憔夫凄凉的笛子音调。
注释
蒜山：一作算山，在江苏丹徒西的长江口。
南徐：南朝刘宋元嘉八年（431），以江南晋陵地为南徐州，治京口，历齐、梁、陈，至隋开皇元年（581）废。后世以南徐为镇江的代称。
江声千尺：意为夜雨潇潇、惊涛千尺，浪声澎湃，气势豪放。
阿童东下：阿童是指西晋时期将领王濬，其小字阿童。阿童东下出自此。指代清兵南下。
佛狸深入：佛狸，是指南北朝时期北朝魏国皇帝拓跋焘，小字佛狸。佛狸深入这里指代清兵南下。
裙屐（jī），指修饰华美而无真才实学的年轻人。
“风流”二句：北府是指东晋时期京口。
参（cān）军客：指北府参军刘牢之辈。晋秦（féi）水之战，晋方即以所谓百战百胜的北府兵为主力。
旧垒废：指古代战争的痕迹已经不多。
神鸦：指佛狸祠里吃祭品的乌鸦群集。“神鸦集”，由辛弃疾《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》“佛狸祠下，一片神鸦社鼓”句化来，谓佛狸祠的祭品召来了群鸦，仍是言古今变迁。
“戟（jǐ）：古代兵器。青铜制,将矛、戈合成一体,既能直刺,又能横击
“落日”句：楼船，有叠层的大船、大战船。
黄芦苦竹：黄芦，秋天变黄之芦苇。苦竹，又名伞柄竹，其笋味苦。
参考资料：
1、钱仲连．清词三百首：岳麓书社，1992：5-8
2、唐圭璋 等．金元明清词鉴赏辞典：江苏古籍出版社，1989：834-836
3、江合友，历史遮帷下的故国悼情 ———吴伟业《满江红·蒜山怀古》赏析，名作赏析，2009
4、弓保安．清词三百首今译：陕西人民出版社，1992：20-22
满江红·蒜山怀古创作背景
顺治十年（1654）秋九月，吴伟业因清廷征召，被迫离乡北上。背负着“二心之仆”的舆论压力，其内心饱含自怨自艾的沉痛。抵达镇江之时，正逢天降雨雪，阴霾满空，更使他愁怀难解。于是无限感喟涌上心头，写下这首词。
参考资料：
1、江合友，历史遮帷下的故国悼情 ———吴伟业《满江红·蒜山怀古》赏析，名作赏析，2009
2、弓保安．清词三百首今译：陕西人民出版社，1992：20-22
满江红·蒜山怀古鉴赏
这首词，由于作者带着悲壮激烈的心情来写，所以很有气魄，从一开始的景色描写，到历史人物、历史事件的叙述，写得气势磅礴、感情豪放、情绪激荡。下半片，写世事巨大的变迁，沧海桑田，面貌全非。
沽酒汀边，一身孤零。夜雨傍沱，又兼涛声，其势磅礴。“接着“记当年”以下，连续用典，历数风流人物、兴亡旧事，直至上片收煞，一气奔注，略无滞碍，托兴高远。作者描绘这些历史事件，写得深刻入微，如：“阿童东下”中用“东下”来形容晋王浚进军的气势，“佛狸深入”中用“深入”来说明进军的程度和梁武帝轻敌，用“萧郎裙厩"来比喻他华而不实，最后被围困而死。“笑风流”句，说的是谢玄的北府兵晓勇善战，将领们亦好谈兵法。“笑”字微妙，不能简单理解成讥笑，而应当理解为：当年晓勇的北府兵以及好谈兵的将领们如今何在？此处“风流”有豪爽、粗犷的意思。上片多用典实，却自然浑成，并不涩滞。但每个典故都是一个历史事件，内涵丰富。如：“阿童东下”，“佛狸深入”，它们各含一个具体，生动，场面壮阔，战斗酷烈的故事。又如：“萧郎裙屐偏轻敌’’，内含了梁武帝被困的故事，指出了华而不实的少年贻误国事。
换头转人即景抚今。“人事改，寒云白”句极言人世沧桑变幻，历代兴亡如白云须臾变苍狗，都只是瞬息间的事。其中词中风景描绘，起了很大的衬托作用。如：“听夜雨、江声千尺。’’又如：“落日楼船鸣铁锁，西风吹尽王侯宅。”以落日残照古战场和西风吹进王侯家来显示时代的变迁，且”西风吹尽王侯宅“，意同刘禹锡《乌衣巷》诗之”旧时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家“，言石头城中东晋王侯的住宅如今也不复存在了。最后，”任黄芦、苦竹打寒潮，渔樵笛“"描绘昔日的战场，已一片冷寂、空旷、残败的景象。只剩下让后人凭吊的遗迹。写黄芦苦竹抽打着红潮，是突出风，江风飒飒，不知渔夫还是樵子在吹着笛子，构成了凄苦幽怨的交响。全词高旷沉郁，苍茫无尽，确有东坡风致。
作者其实是在影射明末清初的镇江战事镇江的失陷与守将杨文骢的书生意气，骄傲轻敌脱不了干系。将大清军用灯笼火把伪饰起来的空筏看作是满载敌兵的战船，正当杨文骢为发炮击沉了清军的空筏而沾沽自喜时，清军主力已在大雾的笼罩下发动偷袭，杨文骢的狼狈与尴尬遂成为那场灾难的终点……纵观整个战局，弘光朝的覆灭就是那些夸夸其谈、志大才疏的风流名士们所制造的悲剧。国亡了，家破了，西风吹尽王侯宅，光荣与尊严在一夜之间被连根拔起。
此词以蒜山附近为中心，将不同时代不同事件连缀一起，上下数百年，综观千古，语言精练而概括，一句一典，其景扩大，色彩黯淡。景中寓情，又因情选景，使词具有情豪气壮，悲激感人的特点，颇有苏辛之风。
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朱彝尊《
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夏初临·天龙寺是高欢避暑宫旧址》
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孟浩然《
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自浔阳泛舟经明海》
吴伟业简介
唐代·吴伟业的简介
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吴伟业（1609～1672）字骏公，号梅村，别署鹿樵生、灌隐主人、大云道人，世居江苏昆山，祖父始迁江苏太仓，汉族，江苏太仓人，崇祯进士。明末清初著名诗人，与钱谦益、龚鼎孳并称“江左三大家”，又为娄东诗派开创者。长于七言歌行，初学“长庆体”，后自成新吟，后人称之为“梅村体”。
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峡束蒹葭带客舟，江涵星月傍人流。悲歌绝意关人世，纵饮无钱解杖头。
海角往来都此兴，心端涬溟浪谁愁。不眠犹抱閒来膝，山狎浮云水狎鸥。
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远色阁二首
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：
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郭印
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遐观目力穷，莽苍云山碍。
傥知色非色，坐见六合外。
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辞欢伯
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元代：
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胡奎
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彼欢伯兮何仇。吾将汝兮解忧。汝何为兮我尤。眵吾之睫兮翳吾之眸。
我思汝由。汝莫我留。我不汝谋。我目其瘳。
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再次韵杨宰七首
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宋代：
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陈造
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骤闻行旅叹赍粮，无复居人肯馈浆。
十袭君诗要娱老，却愁痛定说常暘。