秋浦途中
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唐代]：杜牧
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萧萧山路穷秋雨，淅淅溪风一岸蒲。
为问寒沙新到雁，来时还下杜陵无。
秋浦途中译文及注释
译文
山路上萧萧秋雨下个不停，淅沥溪风吹着溪边的蒲苇。
问刚来到寒沙安家的鸿雁，来时经过我的老家杜陵吗？
注释
秋浦：即今安徽贵池，唐时为池州州治所在。
萧萧：形容雨声。穷秋：深秋。
淅淅：形容风声。蒲：即菖蒲，叶狭长，可以编蒲包、蒲席、扇子等。
为问：请问，试问。寒沙：深秋时带有寒意的沙滩。
杜陵：西汉宣帝的陵墓，位于长安城东南的杜原上，因建于杜县而得名。杜牧家就在杜陵樊川。
秋浦途中创作背景
唐武宗会昌四年（884）杜牧由黄州刺史移任池州刺史，正是凉秋九月，与“穷秋”句合，此诗似即为这次行役而发。二年前，杜牧受李德裕排挤，由比部员外郎外放黄州刺史，此时又改调池州，转徙于僻左小邑间，这对于渴望刷新朝政、干一番事业的诗人来说，自然是痛苦的。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非．唐诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1983：1087-1088
秋浦途中鉴赏
这首七绝以韵取胜，妙在如淡墨一点，而四围皆到。诗人把自己的感情密含在风景的描写中，并不明白说出，却能给人以深至的回味。
一、二两句描写水陆风光，再现诗人风尘仆仆的身影和暗淡凄迷的心态。山路蜿蜒，落木萧萧，秋雨纷纷；溪水伸展，秋风浙浙，波摇草动：山程水驿，风雨凄迷，字里行间流露出人行秋风的寒凉心态和冷寂情绪。“萧萧”描落叶纷飞之状，暗含秋风无情、寒意萧疏，枯黄了行人的口光，遮蔽了蜿蜒的山路。“淅淅”状秋风飒飒之态，泛起波光，掀动菖蒲，暗含诗人行舟水、漂泊无依之感。“穷秋”助长寒凉，平添空旷；“一岸”铺展水草，点染秋风。整体而言，诗人善于观察，精于描绘，于细微处传精神，于平淡中显韵致。山路秋雨，风吹草动，叶落江流，这些寻常景物，被诗人用“萧萧”点染，用“浙浙”润饰，立刻营造一种寒凉凄清氛围，烘托奔波劳顿之苦，有声有色之感。当然，诗人笔下的风景从来都不是纯粹自然的描写，自然的风景其实是心灵风景的折射。一、二两句采用对起之格，这在绝句中是不多的。它这样用是为了排比刷色，增强景物的描绘性。寥寥几笔，就把山程水驿、风雨凄迷的行旅图画生动地勾勒出来了。起句对仗，在绝句里宜活脱而不板滞，像“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，一行白鹭上青天”（杜甫《绝句四首》），虽然色彩鲜活，却迹近合掌，不是当行的家数。这里却不同，它笔势夭矫，如珠走盘，有自然流转之致。
绝句讲究出神奇于百炼，起别趣于寸心，要能曲折回环，穷极变化。这首诗的头两句在外围刷色，展示出一幅风雨凄其的画面。为了下一步发展、深入、掀起感情的漩涡，诗人把目光转向了飞落寒汀的鸿雁，三、四两句以虚间实，故设一问，陡然地翻起波澜，可谓笔力奇横，妙到毫颠。从构思方面说，它意味着：第一，沿着飞鸿的来路，人们的思想从眼前的实景延伸到遥远的天边，扩展了诗的画面；第二，问及禽鸟，痴作一喻，显见出旅程的孤独与岑寂来；第三，寄情归雁，反衬出诗人有家归不得的流离之苦。这些意蕴没有直接说出，而是寓情于景，令人于恬吟密咏中体味而得。有不着一字，尽得风流的妙趣。第三句转折得好，第四句就如顺水下船一样，自然凑泊，有着无限的风致。点出“杜陵”，是因为诗人朝夕难忘的老家——樊川，就在那里。“来时还下杜陵无？”轻声一问，就把作者对故乡、对亲人的怀念，就把他宦途的枨触、羁旅的愁思，宛转深致地表现出来了。
“樊南别有清秋思，不为斜阳不为蝉。”透过景物的描写，蕴藉而含蓄地抒写怀抱，表现情思，这是杜牧绝句的擅胜之处。徐献忠云：“牧之诗含思悲凄，流情感慨，抑扬顿挫之节，尤其所长。”（《唐音癸签》卷八引）持较此诗，可谓刌度皆合了。
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张炎《
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鹧鸪天·楼上谁将玉笛吹》
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杜牧《
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题齐安城楼》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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