清平乐·东风依旧
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宋代]:刘弇
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东风依旧,著意隋堤柳。搓得鹅儿黄欲就,天气清明时候。
去年紫陌青门,今宵雨魄云魂。断送一生憔悴,能消几个黄昏!
清平乐·东风依旧译文及注释
译文
和煦的东风,依旧像往年多情地吹拂着隋堤的杨柳。搓揉得柳条儿长出鹅黄的嫩叶,在清和明丽的天气里勾缠撕扭。
去年曾到京都青门游春,今晚却不见朝云暮雨,落得丧魄失魂。如果想要折磨人,想让他一生都憔悴伤心,也不需要别的什么,只用几个这样寂寞难耐的黄昏。
注释
东风:赵令畤作词为“春风”。
著(zhuó)意:有意于,用心于。
隋堤柳:隋炀帝大业元年(605)重浚汴河,开通济渠,沿渠筑堤植柳。至宋代,近汴京一段多为送别之地。
鹅儿黄:幼鹅毛色黄嫩,故以喻娇嫩淡黄之物色。
紫陌:旧指京师道路。
参考资料:
1、徐培均评注,唐宋词小令精华,中州古籍出版社,1992.08,第205页
2、刘石.宋词鉴赏大辞典.北京:中华书局,2011:360
清平乐·东风依旧创作背景
词人在京任职期间,爱妾不幸去世。词人因此作了此词,以哀悼爱妾。
参考资料:
1、思履.宋词三百首.北京:中国华侨出版社,2013:45
清平乐·东风依旧鉴赏
这是一首悼亡词全词以感情为纽带,把旧时与今时的情景绾合在一起,对爱妾寄予了深挚的悼念。
词的上片写似曾相识的景物,为全词蒙上一层怀旧的色彩。
“东风依旧,著意隋堤柳。”起首二句写春风轻拂垂柳,语言很通俗,意思也很简单,但却层折多变,富于婉约特色。句中的隋堤,指汴河一带的河堤。相传隋炀帝时开运河,自洛阳至扬州,沿堤广植杨柳。初春时节,和煦的东风轻拂隋堤上的杨柳,给人以亲切温柔之感。而“著意”二字,更把东风拟人化。言外之意仿佛是说,自然界的东风对杨柳尚如此多情,而现实生活中的词人却如此孤单,再也得不到亲人的怜爱。
“搓得鹅儿黄欲就,天气清明时候。”这一句承东风拂柳而来,写柳色清新主要体现在一个“搓”字上。此字以俗为雅,说东风轻拂杨柳,给人以轻轻搓揉、抚摩之感。在东风搓揉之下,柳枝上遂呈现出“鹅儿黄”的颜色。鹅儿黄,指柳色的嫩黄。杨柳初绽的嫩叶,宛如雏鹅的羽绒,而这惹人喜爱的颜色,竟是东风搓出来的,真是奇绝之笔。“天气清明时候”总括前文,在写景中蕴含一股淡淡的哀愁。
词的下篇写往昔感怀,直接抒情抒沉痛伤悼之情。
“去年紫陌青门,今宵雨魄云魂。”“去年紫陌青门”与上片“东风依旧”相呼应,是词人回忆从前与爱妾共同度过的美好时光。“今宵”句,用雨、云,写明逝者的身分,关系;用魄、魂。写出死。用今宵,写梦,写只能梦中相逢。用典灵活、宛曲而生动。
“断送一生憔悴,能消几个黄昏!”最后这两句将词人对于爱妾逝世的哀痛抒发至极点,催人泪下,爱妾一死,断送了自己一生,憔悴、瘦损,还能消受几个黄昏,这“物是人非”的强烈悲凉感,引得他黯然神伤而导致一生憔悴。尤其在黄昏时刻,烟霭迷茫,景色惨淡,在失去爱妾的词人看来,仿佛来到一个催人泪下的境界。
这是一首悼亡词,用直接抒情的写法来抒发自己的沉痛哀悼之情,全词写景融情,感情从浅到深。从最初东风拂柳的微微惆怅,到最后断送一生的极大悲凉,作者在叙述捕写的过程中,逐步隐晦的交代了故事的始末,其感情也便随之越来越深。
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刘弇简介
唐代·刘弇的简介
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刘弇(1048-1102)字伟明,号云龙,安福(今属江西)人。元丰进士。知嘉州峨眉县,改太学博士。元符中,进南郊大礼赋,除秘书省正字。徽宗时,改著作佐郎、实录检讨官。崇宁元年卒,年五十五。《宋史》有传。著有《龙云集》三十二卷,词有《彊村丛书》本《云龙先生乐府》一卷。
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