醉落魄(席上呈元素)
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宋代]:苏轼
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分携如昨。人生到处萍飘泊。偶然相聚还离索。多病多愁,须信从来错。
尊前一笑休辞却。天涯同是伤沦落。故山犹负平生约。西望峨嵋,长羡归飞鹤。
醉落魄(席上呈元素)译文及注释
译文
上次的分别还如昨天的情景一般清晰,感叹人生到处漂泊,就像浮萍一样。虽然偶尔会相聚,但终究朋友还是要离散各地。这多愁多病的身体,在等待朋友的消息中愈发消瘦了。
这杯离别的酒不要推却了,你我都是辗转外郡之人,漂泊不定。虽辜负了归隐故乡的约定,可我总是西望峨眉山,期盼着归隐的日子。
注释
醉落魄:词牌名,又名《一斛珠》《怨春风》《章台月》等。双调五十七字,仄韵。
元素:杨元素,名绘,四川绵竹人,苏轼的同乡和友人。
分携:分别。
萍漂泊:浮萍无根,随波逐流,喻人生漂泊不定。
离索:离群索居。索:孤独。故山,指故乡。平生约,早定下的归乡之愿。
峨眉:四川名山,代指作者与杨绘的家乡(杨是四川绵竹人)。
归飞鹤:飞回故里之鹤。
参考资料:
1、刘石评注.宋词名家诵读 苏轼词:人民文学出版社,2005年03月第1版:第34页
2、苏轼著.东坡集 插图本 增订版:凤凰出版社,2013.04:第128页
醉落魄(席上呈元素)创作背景
熙宁四年(1071年),苏轼自请外放,被任命为杭州通判。离开京城时,杨元素曾为其送行。熙宁七年(1074年)七月,杨元素也被外迁到杭州做太守,成了苏轼的上司。同年十月,苏轼转任密州太守,杨元素被召回朝廷。两人同行至京口分手,苏轼作此词以送。
参考资料:
1、陈如江编注.一蓑烟雨任平生 东坡词:山东文艺出版社,2014.08:第109页
醉落魄(席上呈元素)鉴赏
上片感慨人生,本如浮萍在水,为飘泊而“多病多愁”,一开始便是错误。词一开头,就点明离别,并交织着对往事的回忆:“分携如昨”。“分携”犹言分手,写出了临别依依、难舍难分的感情。说是“如昨”——像昨天那样,那是因为苏轼出判杭州时,杨绘任御史中丞,二人曾在汴京相别。回忆旧日分离,则是为了强化当前别情,所以很自然地引发了人生感慨:“人生到处萍飘泊”,不过这与作者早年写下的“人生到处知何似?应似飞鸿踏雪泥”(《和子由渑池怀旧》诗)那种泛咏人生不同,主要是就宦游踪迹不定而发的。接着便推出当前送别之事:“偶然相聚还离索”。按杨绘予本年八月才到杭州知州任,九月即被朝廷召还,所以说是“偶然相聚”。故人相聚匆匆,更使别情难堪。“离索”虽然是指当前的离别,却蕴蓄着一种深沉的感情,也与开头的“分携”相照应。紧接着,词人又与自己的身世联系起来,抒写了更深一层的感慨:“多病多愁,须信从来错。”苏轼在熙宁六年、七年诗作中屡屡言“病”,可见当时健康情况不佳确是事实,但这里说“多病多愁”,毋宁说是道出了一种不得志的情绪,他与王安石政见不合以及在地方官任上沉沦多年,无疑都是产生这种情绪的原因。至于断言“须信从来错”这里“须信从来错”是词人以夸大的过激的言辞来表现一种牢骚的情绪。由于杨绘是在党争中志同道合的朋友,所以词人能敞开心扉,放言无忌。
下片劝慰友人,天涯沦落人,不妨放怀一笑。换头两句写别筵情景:“尊前一笑休辞却,天涯同是伤沦落”,词人故作达观,劝友人尊前对饮,并用天涯沦落的共同遭遇来打动对方。当然,说“天涯”“沦落”这样失意、丧气的话,并非果真如当年自居易那样遭到贬谪的不幸,而只是夸大其辞地写仕途飘荡的身世之感,反映了一种厌倦的情绪。对仕途的厌倦与对故乡的怀念往往纠缠在一起,篇末三句折到抒发归隐故乡的意愿,是合乎心理逻辑的:“故乡犹负平生约。西望峨嵋,长羡归飞鹤。”从当年兄弟相约早退到写此词时,已经过去了十四个年头,“犹”、“长”二字便写出了一种长久的期待与内心的渴望。词人把“峨嵋”作为故乡及其美景的代表,从反面运用了“化鹤归辽”的神话故事,以“西望峨嵋、长羡归飞鹤”的艺术形象,表达了归隐的素愿以及对故乡的深情。不过,下片所写并非当时思想的全部,也不能因此引出词人向往恬退的结论。
这首赠别词在思想内容方面具有以下两个明显的特点:一是强化了身世感慨,二是牵动了故乡情结。全词所表现的是客中送客的黯然情怀,但取境阔大。声调嘹亮,故情虽抑郁而不萎靡,构成独特之情味。
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黄庭坚《
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苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼(1037-1101),北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻,号东坡居士。汉族,四川人,葬于颍昌(今河南省平顶山市郏县)。一生仕途坎坷,学识渊博,天资极高,诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆,明白畅达,与欧阳修并称欧苏,为“唐宋八大家”之一;诗清新豪健,善用夸张、比喻,艺术表现独具风格,与黄庭坚并称苏黄;词开豪放一派,对后世有巨大影响,与辛弃疾并称苏辛;书法擅长行书、楷书,能自创新意,用笔丰腴跌宕,有天真烂漫之趣,与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家;画学文同,论画主张神似,提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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刘蘅
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江畔。江畔。独立昂头霄汉。秋晴月色凄盛清。催诗试我性灵。灵性。
灵性。水淡烟柔风劲。