杂诗十二首·其二
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魏晋]：陶渊明
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白日沦西阿，素月出东岭。
遥遥万里晖，荡荡空中景。
风来入房户，夜中枕席冷。
气变悟时易，不眠知夕永。
欲言无予和，挥杯劝孤影。
日月掷人去，有志不获骋。
念此怀悲凄，终晓不能静。
杂诗十二首·其二译文及注释
译文
太阳从西山落下，白月从东岭升起。
月亮遥遥万里，放射着清辉，浩荡的夜空被照耀得十分明亮。
风吹入户，在夜间枕席生凉。
气候变化了，因此领悟到季节也变了，睡不着觉，才了解到夜是如此之长。
我要倾吐心中的愁思，却没有人应和，只好一个人举杯和自己的影子对酌。
时光飞快流逝，我空有壮志却不能得到伸展。
想起这件事满怀悲凄，心里通宵不能平静。
注释
沦：落下。阿：山岭。西阿：西山。
素月：白月。
万里辉：指月光。荡荡：广阔的样子。景：同影，指月轮。这两句是说万里光辉，高空清影。
房户：房门。这句和下句是说风吹入户，枕席生凉。
时易：季节变化。夕永：夜长。这两句是说气候变化了，因此领悟到季节也变了，睡不着觉，才了解到夜是如此之长。
无予和：没有人和我答话。和，去声。这句和下句是说想倾吐隐衷，却无人和我谈论，只能举杯对着只身孤影饮酒。
日月掷人去，有志不获骋:时光飞快流逝，我空有壮志却不能得到伸展。掷，抛开。骋，驰骋。这里指大展宏图。
终晓：直到天亮。
杂诗十二首·其二鉴赏
陶渊明的诗歌，往往能揭示出一种深刻的人生体验。这种体验，是对生命本身之深刻省察。对于人类生活来说，其意义乃是长青的。《杂诗》第二首与第五首，所写光阴流逝、自己对生命已感到有限，而志业无成、生命之价值尚未能实现之忧患意识，就具有此种意义。
①“遥遥万里辉，荡荡空中景。”阿者，山丘。素者，白也。荡荡者，广大貌。景通影，辉与景，皆指月光。起笔四句，展现开一幅无限扩大光明之境界。日落月出，昼去夜来，正是光阴流逝。西阿东岭，万里空中，极写四方上下。往古来今谓之宙，四方上下谓之宇。此一幅境界，即为一宇宙。而荡荡辉景，光明澄澈，此幅廓大光明之境界，实为渊明襟怀之体现。由此四句诗，亦可见渊明笔力之巨。日落月出，并为下文“日月掷人去”之悲慨，设下一伏笔。西阿不曰西山，素月不曰明月，取其古朴素淡。不妨比较李白的《关山月》:“明月出天山，苍茫云海间。长风几万里，吹度玉门关。”虽然境界相似，风格则是唐音。那“明月”二字，便换不得“素月”。
②上四句，乃是从昼去夜来之一特定时分，来暗示“日月掷人去”之意，此四句，则是从夏去秋来之一特定时节，暗示此意，深化此意。夜半凉风吹进窗户，枕席已是寒意可感。因气候之变易，遂领悟到季节之改移。以不能够成眠，才体认到黑夜之漫长。种种敏锐感觉，皆暗示着诗人之一种深深悲怀。
③和念去声，此指交谈。挥杯，摇动酒杯。孤影，即月光下自己之身影。欲将悲怀倾诉出来，可是无人与我交谈。只有挥杯劝影，自劝进酒而已。借酒浇愁，孤独寂寞，皆意在言外。李白《月下独酌》:“花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲。举杯邀明月，对影成三人。”大约即是从陶诗化出。不过，陶诗澹荡而深沉，李诗飘逸而豪放(诗长不具引)，风味不同。
④此二句，直抒悲怀，为全诗之核心。光阴流逝不舍昼夜，并不为人停息片刻，生命渐渐感到有限，有志却得不到施展。本题第五首云:“忆我少壮时，无乐自欣豫。猛志逸四海，骞翮思远翥。”《饮酒》第十六首云:“少年罕人事，游好在六经。”可见渊明平生志事，在于兼济天下，其根源乃是传统文化。志，乃是志士仁人之生命。生命之价值不能够实现，此实为古往今来志士仁人所共喻之悲慨。诗中掷之一字，骋之一字，皆极具力度感。唯骋字，能见出志向之远大；唯掷字，能写出日月之飞逝。日月掷人去愈迅速，则有志不获骋之悲慨，愈加沉痛迫切。
⑤终晓，谓从夜间直到天亮。念及有志而不获骋，不禁满怀苍凉悲慨，心情彻夜不能平静。上言中夜枕席冷，又言不眠知夜永，此言终晓不能静，志士悲怀，深沉激烈，一篇之中，三致意焉。一结苍凉无尽。
渊明此诗，将素月辉景荡荡万里之奇境，与日月掷人有志未骋之悲慨，打成一片。素月万里之境界，实为渊明襟怀之呈露。有志未骋之悲慨，亦是心灵中之一境界。所以诗的全幅境界，自然融为一境。诗中光风霁月般的志士襟怀，光阴流逝志业未成、生命价值未能实现之忧患意识，其陶冶人类心灵，感召、激励人类心灵之意义，乃是长青的，不会过时的。渊明此诗深受古往今来众多读者之喜爱，根源即在于此。
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李嘉祐《
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自常州还江阴途中作》
陶渊明简介
唐代·陶渊明的简介
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陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》、《归园田居》、《桃花源记》、《五柳先生传》、《归去来兮辞》等。
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