夏日叹
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唐代]：杜甫
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夏日出东北，陵天经中街。
朱光彻厚地，郁蒸何由开。
上苍久无雷，无乃号令乖。
雨降不濡物，良田起黄埃。
飞鸟苦热死，池鱼涸其泥。
万人尚流冗，举目唯蒿莱。
至今大河北，化作虎与豺。
浩荡想幽蓟，王师安在哉。
对食不能餐，我心殊未谐。
眇然贞观初，难与数子偕。
夏日叹译文及注释
译文
夏季太阳从东北方升起，中午时太阳正当头顶，火辣辣的。
太阳晒透厚厚的土地，酷热难熬，能有什么法子释放这难忍的闷热？
上天久不打雷降雨，莫不是号令反常了？
即使降雨也无法滋润万物，因为田地都已经干得尘土飞扬了。
飞鸟、池鱼皆因干旱和酷热而死了。
万民仍然流离失所，举目望去，田园一片荒芜。
黄河以北大片地区都变成叛军的巢穴。
动乱使人想起幽蓟二郡，唐王朝的军队如今在哪里呢？
我忧心如焚，吃不下，睡不安，心情很不舒畅。
抚今思昔，叹当朝没有贤臣良相。
注释
陵天：升上天空。陵天经：一作“经天陵”。中街：古人指日行的轨道。此指太阳当顶直射。
朱光：日光。彻厚地：晒透大地。
郁蒸：闷热。开：散释。
上苍：苍天。
乖：违背，反常。
濡：湿润。
万人：百姓。流冗：流离失所，无家可归。
唯蒿莱：田园荒芜景象。
大河：黄河。
化：一作“尽”。虎与豺：喻安史叛军。
幽蓟：幽州（范阳郡）和蓟州（渔阳郡），安史叛军老巢。
未谐：指心情不愉快，不安稳。
眇然：遥想。贞观：唐太宗年号（公元627～649年），贞观之治为唐初盛世。
数子：指贞观名臣长孙无忌、房玄龄、杜如晦、魏征等。偕：同。
参考资料：
1、海兵．杜甫全集祥泩：新疆人民出版社，2000年12月：127-129
2、彭定求 等．全唐诗（上） ．上海：上海古籍出版社，1986年10月版：第517页
3、费振刚主编,少陵诗传（上）,吉林人民出版社,2005.07,第223页
夏日叹创作背景
该诗是杜甫于公元759年（乾元二年）在华州所作。那一年，关中大旱，造成严重灾荒，灾民到处逃荒，流离失所。杜甫从洛阳回到华州以后，对唐肃宗和朝廷中把持大权的重臣们已失去了信心。这一年夏天他写下《夏日叹》一诗，明确地表达了这种心情。
参考资料：
1、王艳娥．榜样的力量-杜甫的故事．长春：北方妇女儿童出版社，2010年5月版
夏日叹鉴赏
《夏日叹》的前半部分主要写这次旱灾，后半部分写战乱，并对天灾人祸表达了自己的感慨，极言民生疾苦。
诗中说，久旱无雨，田地里干旱得尘土飞扬，湖泊池塘都干涸了，飞鸟缺水而死，鱼儿干涸而死，成千上万的灾民逃荒流散，一片荒凉景象。这个时候，河北一带仍然被安史叛军占据，叛军就像豺狼虎豹，凶暴横行，残害人民，而朝廷军队连影子都看不见。杜甫认为天灾人祸都与朝廷的政策失当和腐败无能有关。他说：拿贞观之治与现实作比较，显然唐肃宗不可能像唐太宗那样平定和大治天下，唐肃宗身边的那些大臣，也无法与贞观年间房玄龄、杜如晦、魏徵等名臣相比，如今的朝廷是令人失望的。
旱灾接着饥荒，在华州的生活十分艰难，现实政治又是如此让人失望，司功参军的职务也不能做什么实质性的工作，更谈不上施展自己远大的政治理想了。于是，在立秋后不久，杜甫毅然放弃了华州司功参军的职位，开始了他常年漂泊不定的生活。诗的未尾对贞观之治的追忆和贞观君臣的赞扬很明显是在表示对现实堤的不满。
先写太阳照耀郁蒸难开，在请问苍天无雷时似乎也在暗示朝政失度；次写旱灾严重程度和百姓流亡生活，兼及安史之乱仍未并息的时局现状。在这种天灾人祸的现实中，诗人对案不能食之余想到的是今昔的对比，诗的末尾对贞观之治的追忆和贞观君臣的赞扬很明显是在表示对现实朝政的不满。
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王褒《
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关山月》
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杜甫《
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新安吏》
杜甫简介
唐代·杜甫的简介
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杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。
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