荆州贼平临洞庭言怀作
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唐代]：李白
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修蛇横洞庭，吞象临江岛。
积骨成巴陵，遗言闻楚老。
水穷三苗国，地窄三湘道。
岁晏天峥嵘，时危人枯槁。
思归阴丧乱，去国伤怀抱。
郢路方丘墟，章华亦倾倒。
风悲猿啸苦，木落鸿飞早。
日隐西赤沙，月明东城草。
关河望已绝，氛雾行当扫。
长叫天可闻，吾将问苍昊。
荆州贼平临洞庭言怀作译文及注释
译文
巨蛇横陈在洞庭湖畔，在江岛边将大象一口吞掉。
吐出象骨堆成巴陵，告诉我这个传说的是楚国的遗老。
三苗国在水的尽头、三湘道旁水多土少。
岁月峥嵘又到了年末，困境中的人显得多么苍老。
战乱不已我思归不得，远离放土悠伤满怀抱。
郢都已成了废墟，章华台早就倾倒。
悲风中猿啼多么哀苦，叶落雁飞秋来得太早。
夕阳隐没在赤沙湖，明月映照着东城草。
望断关山河川，妖雾该被清扫。
我仰天长啸，老天你可知道？老天啊我在问你，你可知道？
注释
《通鉴》：乾元二年八月，襄州将康楚元、张嘉延据州作乱，刺史王政奔荆州。楚元自称南楚霸王。九月，张嘉延袭破荆州，荆南节度使杜鸿渐弃城走，澧、朗、鄂、峡、归等州，官吏闻之，争潜窜山谷。十一月，康楚元等众至万余人。商州刺史充荆、襄等道租庸使韦伦发兵讨之，驻于邓之境，招谕降者，厚抚之，伺其稍怠，进军击之，生擒楚元，其众遂溃，得其所掠租庸二百万缗，荆、襄皆平。
修蛇：长蛇、大蛇。《淮南子·本经训》：“尧乃使羿断修蛇于洞庭。”高诱注：“修蛇，大蛇。吞象三年而出其骨之类。”
巴陵：山名。《元和郡县图志》卷二十七：“昔羿屠巴蛇于洞庭，其骨若陵，故曰巴陵。”
三苗：我国古代部族名。《史记正义》：“三苗之国，左洞庭而右彭蠡。”即今湖南、江西一带。孔安国《尚书传》：三苗之国左洞庭、右彭蠡，在荒服之例，去京师二千五百里。《通典》：岳州古苍梧之野，亦三苗国之地。青草、洞庭湖在焉，二湖相连，青草在南，洞庭在北。注云：凡今长沙、衡阳诸郡，皆古三苗之地。
三湘：今湖南湘江流域。
《楚辞》：“岁既晏兮孰华予。”王逸注：“晏，晚也。”鲍照《舞鹤赋》：“岁峥嵘而愁暮。”李善注：“《广雅》曰：峥嵘，高貌。岁之将尽，犹物之高也。”
郢路：今湖北江陵一带。《通典》：江陵郡，今之荆州。春秋以来，楚国之都谓之郢都，西通巫、巴，东接云、梦，亦一都会也。
《楚辞》：“惟郢路之辽远。”左思《魏都赋》：“临淄牢落，鄢郢丘墟。”吕延济注：“丘墟，谓居人少也。”
章华：章华台，春秋时楚国离宫名。故址在今湖北监利县西北。《方舆胜览》：江陵府有章华台。晋杜预云：“在今南郡华容城中。”华容，即今监利。
赤沙：赤沙湖，在湖南华容县南。《水经注》：洞庭湖水广圆五百余里，日月若出没于其中。《方舆胜览》：洞庭湖在巴陵县西，西吞赤沙，南连青草，横亘七八百里。《岳阳风土记》：赤沙湖，在华容县南，夏秋水泛，与洞庭洪通。杜甫《道林岳麓诗》所谓“殿角插入赤沙湖”也。《一统志》：赤沙湖，在洞庭湖西，夏秋水泛，与洞庭为一，涸时惟见赤沙。
琦按：“城草”，恐是“青草”之讹，然青草在南，而诗云“东青草”，则又未敢定也。旧记云：洞庭南连青草，西亘赤沙，七八百里，又谓之三湖。《初学记》：盛弘之《荆州记》云：巴陵南有青草湖，周回数百里，湖南有青草山，因以为名。《一统志》：青草湖，一名巴丘湖，北连洞庭，南接潇湘，东纳汨罗之水，每夏秋水泛，与洞庭为一，水涸则此湖先干，青草生焉。
关河：关山河川。
氛雾：雾气。诗中比喻乱贼。江淹诗：“皇晋遘阳九，天下横氛雾。”张铣注：“氛雾，喻乱贼也。”
苍昊：苍天。王延寿《鲁灵光殿赋》：“承苍吴之纯殷。”张载注：“苍、吴，皆天之称也，春为苍天，夏为昊天。”
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：915-916
荆州贼平临洞庭言怀作创作背景
这首诗写于唐肃宗乾元二年（759）的深秋，比《秋登巴陵望洞庭》的写作时间，可能稍后一些。安史之乱爆发以后，李白目睹时局动荡不安，战乱纷扰频仍，自己北归不能，想要改变现状又无能为力。诗人对此感伤不己，写下此诗表达自己对迅速平息战乱的渴望。
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：915-916
2、裴 斐．李白诗歌赏析集．成都：巴蜀书社，1988：274-276
荆州贼平临洞庭言怀作鉴赏
古代流传过这样一个神话故事：尧曾派后羿在洞庭斩杀巴蛇（即修蛇，大蛇）。这条大蛇死后，蛇骨堆积得象臣陵一样，因此人们把这个地方取名为巴陵。古代还传说，巴蛇能吞食巨象：“巴蛇食象，三岁而出其骨。”（《山海经·海内南经》）诗一开始，诗人就用这些传说作了一个比喻：襄州将领康楚元、张嘉延在荆州叛乱，就象那大蛇一样吞食巨象，在洞庭湖一带横行无忌，作恶多瑞。
“思归阻丧乱，去国伤怀抱。”这几句写诗人当时的心情和处境。是说自己正流落在穷乡僻壤，加上岁暮将届，气候阴寒，时局充满危机。诗人被困居在这里，形容枯槁，憔悴不堪，虽然归心似箭，无奈又为动乱的现实所阻隔，真是有家难投，报国无门。
“郢路方丘墟，意华亦倾倒。”前两句写社会环境：由于当时荆州一带战乱纷扰，破坏惨重。昔日繁华的章华台亦已倒塌。后两句写自然环境，点出时令和节候。时值深秋，秋风萧瑟，猿啸声声，落叶纷纷。鸿雁早已自北而南，飞回南方了。这几句写的都是客观现实和自然景物，但诗人愁苦忧伤的心情却在字里行间处处流露，不能自已，大有物尚如此，人何以堪的深沉感慨。
“日隐西亦沙，月明东城草。关河望已绝。氛雾行当扫。长叫天可闻？吾将问苍吴！”《水经注》有这样的记载：“洞庭湖水广圆五百余里，日月若出没于其中。”看来诗人“临洞庭”的时间已经不短，太阳已被洞庭湖西的赤沙湖所吞没。一轮明月却从东方冉冉升起，照完了青草湖。
末尾四句，诗人写得尤其沉痛：天色已晚，山河逐渐望不见了。有如烟氛迷雾的“荆州贼乱”理应统统一扫而光！我要高声地问问苍天：我的呼叫声你到底听得见还是听不见？由于时代动乱和个人坎坷的经历，在这首诗里，忧愤不平和感伤的情绪不免流露，但与此同时，也可窥见已是垂暮之年的诗人，仍然密切关注时局，把批判的矛头直指封建上层统治集团，他那豪迈不羁的性格和炽烈奔放的感情不减当年。
全诗对“洞庭”的自然景物没有作精细的刻画和描写，只是选择了“荆州贼乱”这一客观事实来抒发自己内心的感受和强烈的爱憎，达到“言怀”的目的。诗中运用神话传说作比喻，使诗意增添了浪漫主义的情调和色彩。这首诗除了首尾几句外，也有不少对偶的句子，但都自然而毫无斧凿痕迹，充分显示出诗人功力的深厚。
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王粲《
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七哀诗三首·其三》
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李白《
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永王东巡歌十一首》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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明代：
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周是修
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君莫欺，贫贱儿，陋巷陈平终帝师。君莫誇，富豪子，铜山邓通终饿死。
世间万事如转烛，明日升沈安可卜。请君听我浩浩歌，古往今来情奈何。
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感怀冬夜
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明代：
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赵迪
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穷冬天地闭，积雪暗河关。身世随孤雁，家林隔万山。
江声回积梦，灯影对愁颜。遥夜心千里，萧萧两鬓斑。
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寄李惟寅欧祯伯四首 其四
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明代：
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胡应麟
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浮云不终朝，岁月忽复易。岂伊岩廊慕，大业在金石。
缅怀同心侣，沈思无终极。安得西飞鸿，假我双羽翼。
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游小溪浙源山中
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元代：
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赵汸
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旧游何处觅苔矶，水涸山童事事非。忽到小溪深树侧，鸳鸯惊起逐群飞。
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路凤冈民部第中牡丹冬开寄题四首 其二
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明代：
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于慎行
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沈香亭北醉多时，霜后依然绝代姿。道是经秋浑不解，先春早发向阳枝。